Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Influencing Factors regarding Physical Restraint Use in the Intensive Care Unit: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Table 5

Factors associated with nurses’ attitude regarding physical restraint use in multiple linear regression analysis (n = 237).

Variables	Categories	Attitude (sum score)
		Crude unstandardized β coefficient (95% CI)	Adjusted unstandardized β coefficient (95% CI)
Sex	Male	0	0
	Female	−2.52 (−4.09, −0.95)	−0.76 (−2.21, 1.30)
Academic qualification	Master’s	0	0
	Bachelor’s	−2.57 (−4.31, −0.83)	−2.24 (−4.15, −0.34)^∗
	Diploma	−7.07 (−9.63, −4.52)	−4.42 (−7.50, −1.34)^∗∗
Reading about PR in the past year	No	0	0
	Yes	1.20 (0.74, 1.66)	0.61 (−1.14, 2.35)
Received training in a graduate class about PR	No	0	0
	Yes	5.71 (4.11, 7.30)	2.90 (1.27, 4.53)^∗∗
Work experience in the ICU	>5 years	0	0
	2–5 years	0.47 (−1.27, 2.20)	0.44 (−1.52, 2.39)
	<2 years	−3.58 (−5.19,−1.96)	−0.50 (−2.69, 1.68)
Work shift time	Regular day	0	0
	Shift day or night	−2.15 (−3.81,−0.49)	−1.24 (−2.73, 0.26)
	Shift day and night	−1.15 (−3.50, 1.19)	−0.91 (−2.99, 1.17)
Age of nurses	In years	0.52 (0.29, 0.76)	0.14 (−0.1, 0.35)
Knowledge	Total-score	1.91 (1.55, 2.28)	0.95 (0.49, 1.41)^∗∗∗

0 = reference, , , . Adjusted R² = 43.9%, F test value < 0.001.