Subclinical Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients with Septic Shock Based on Sepsis-3 Definition: A Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography Study
Table 1
Baseline characteristics and comparisons between patients with sepsis and those with septic shock.
Septic shock (n = 90)
Sepsis (n = 37)
value
Age, mean (years)
68.8 ± 15.1
64.1 ± 19.8
0.334
Male, n (%)
67 (74.4)
33 (89.2)
0.066
Comorbidities
Hypertension, n (%)
37 (41.1)
21 (56.8)
0.109
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)
22 (24.4)
7 (18.9)
0.504
Stroke, n (%)
12 (13.3)
6 (16.2)
0.675
Chronic renal failure, n (%)
19 (21.1)
6 (16.2)
0.532
COPD, n (%)
2 (2.2)
3 (8.1)
0.123
Liver disease, n (%)
16 (17.8)
4 (10.8)
0.331
Source of infection
0.933
Abdominal
35 (38.9)
18 (48.7)
Respiratory
43 (47.8)
16 (43.2)
Kidney
5 (5.6)
1 (2.7)
Skin
6 (6.6)
1 (2.7)
Others
1 (1.1)
1 (2.7)
Bacteremia
32 (35.6)
8 (21.6)
0.126
Gram-positive
6 (18.8)
3 (37.5)
Gram-negative
21 (65.6)
4 (50)
Others
5 (15.6)
1 (12.5)
Pulse (beat/min)
102.4 ± 18.7
94.3 ± 18.9
0.028
MAP (mmHg)
70.4 ± 12.8
92.5 ± 11.7
<0.001
CVP (mmHg)
7.2 ± 2.7
6.6 ± 2.3
0.269
Norepinephrine (μg/kg/min)
0.4 ± 0.4
—
—
CRRT, n (%)
51 (57.3)
6 (16.7)
<0.001
Mechanical ventilation, n (%)
80 (88.9)
23 (62.0)
<0.001
SOFA score
10.7 ± 3.3
4.5 ± 2.6
<0.001
APACHE II score
20.1 ± 7.9
12.7 ± 5.2
<0.001
ICU LOS, days
7.9 ± 7.2
5.6 ± 4.4
0.346
Hospital LOS, days
19.1 ± 15.6
19.1 ± 12.0
0.984
In-hospital mortality, n (%)
39 (43.3)
4 (10.8)
<0.001
Data are presented as means ± SD and number (n) of patients (%), as appropriate. APACHE II: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVP: central venous pressure, CRRT: continuous renal replacement therapy, ICU: intensive care unit, SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment, LOS: length of stay, and MAP: mean arterial pressure. .
