| | | MBT (N = 102) | Non-MBT (N = 765) | OR | 95% CI | value | AuROC |
| | Age, year, median (IQR) | 33.5 (25–54) | 33 (23–47) | 1.01 | 0.99–1.02 | 0.10‡ | 0.55 (0.49–0.61) | | Age ≥60 years, n (%) | 21 (20.59) | 85 (11.11) | 2.07 | 1.22–3.52 | 0.006 | 0.55 (0.51–0.59) | | Male, n (%) | 77 (75.5) | 634 (82.7) | 1.57 | 0.96–2.56 | 0.08† | 0.54 (0.49–0.58) | | Mechanism of injury, n (%) | | | 0.90 | 0.83–0.98 | 0.048 | 0.43 (0.38–0.48) | | MCC | 56 (54.9) | 341 (44.6) | | | | | | MVC | 11 (10.8) | 88 (11.5) | | | | | | Bicycle | 1 (0.98) | 7 (0.9) | | | | | | AVP | 6 (5.9) | 29 (3.8) | | | | | | GSW | 9 (8.8) | 39 (5.1) | | | | | | SW | 6 (5.8) | 122 (15.9) | | | | | | Fall | 12 (11.8) | 97 (12.7) | | | | | | Assault | 0 (0) | 25 (3.3) | | | | | | Others | 1 (1) | 17 (2.2) | | | | | | SBP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 119.8 (46.4) | 131.5 (31.5) | 0.99 | 0.98–0.99 | 0.0009§ | 0.4 (0.34–0.48) | | SBP ≤90, n (%) | 23 (22.6) | 72 (9.4) | 2.80 | 1.66–4.73 | <0.001† | 0.57 (0.52–0.61) | | GCS score, median (IQR) | 10 (4–15) | 14 (8–15) | 0.92 | 0.88–0.96 | <0.001‡ | 0.39 (0.33–0.47) | | GCS ≤8, n (%) | 45 (44.1) | 262 (34.3) | 1.51 | 1.0–2.30 | 0.06† | 0.55 (0.5–0.6) | | HR (/min), mean (SD) | 108 (33) | 99 (26) | 1.01 | 1.01–1.02 | 0.0012§ | 0.59 (0.53–0.66) | | HR ≥ 105, n (%) | 61 (59.8) | 301 (38.8) | 2.34 | 1.54–3.57 | <0.001† | 0.60 (0.55–0.66) | | BE (mEq/L), median (IQR) | –10.1 (–13.1 to −5.9) | –4.7 (–7.4 to −2.1) | 0.86 | 0.81–0.91 | 0.004‡ | 0.26 (0.18–0.35) | | BE ≤ –10, n (%) | 24 (52.2) | 54 (10.7) | 9.09 | 4.78–17.31 | <0.001† | 0.71 (0.63–0.78) | | Lactate (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 5.1 (3.7–6.8) | 2.6 (1.7–4) | 1.30 | 1.18–1.42 | <0.001‡ | 0.76 (0.69–0.84) | | Lactate >4, n (%) | 38 (70.4) | 132 (24) | 7.54 | 4.07–13.95 | <0.001† | 0.73 (0.67–0.8) | | Presence of free fluid from FAST, n (%) | 37 (38.9) | 129 (19.5) | 2.63 | 1.67–4.14 | <0.001† | 0.6 (0.55–0.65) | | Suspected pelvic fracture, n (%) | 14 (13.7) | 14 (1.8) | 8.53 | 3.94–18.49 | <0.001† | 0.56 (0.53–0.59) | | Suspected femur fracture, n (%) | 16 (15.7) | 30 (3.9) | 4.56 | 2.38–8.70 | <0.001† | 0.56 (0.52–0.59) | | Posterior nasal packing, n (%) | 6 (5.9) | 11 (1.4) | 4.28 | 1.55–11.85 | 0.02† | 0.52 (0.5–0.55) | | PRBCs in 24 h (unit), median (IQR) | 17 (13–25) | 0 (0–2) | – | – | <0.001‡ | – | | FFP in 24 h (mL), median (IQR) | 3539.5 (2197–5861) | 0 (0–554) | – | – | <0.001‡ | – | | PC in 24 h (unit), median (IQR) | 12 (6–23) | 0 (0–0) | – | – | <0.001‡ | – | | ISS (IQR) | 32 (22–38) | 14 (8–25) | – | – | <0.001‡ | – |
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MBT, massive blood transfusion; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; AuROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic; IQR, interquartile range; MCC, motorcycle crash; MVC, multivehicle crash; AVP, auto versus pedestrian; GSW, gunshot wound; SW, stab wound; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; HR, heart rate; BE, base excess; FAST, Focused Assessment Sonography in Trauma; PRBCs, packed red blood cells; FFP, fresh frozen plasma; PC, platelet concentrate; ISS, injury severity score. ‡Rank-sum test, †exact probability test, §t-test, and ¶chi-square test.
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