Research Article
Validation of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and IV Score in COVID-19 Patients
| | | COVID-19 ICU patients (n = 103) | Current treatment group (LMWH protocol) (n = 57) |
| | Demographics | | Age (years) | 68.20 ± 11.32 | 67.63 ± 12.65 | | Gender (male/female) | 46/57 | 30/27 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 28.03 ± 5.19 | 28.41 ± 5.20 |
| | Comorbidities | | Smoking | 5 (4.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | | Arterial hypertension | 62 (60.2%) | 33 (57.9%) | | Diabetes | 33 (32.0%) | 18 (31.6%) | | Respiratory disease | 20 (19.4%) | 8 (14.0%) | | Malignancy | 11 (10.7%) | 7 (12.3%) | | Chronic kidney disease | 15 (14.6%) | 9 (15.8%) | | Chronic liver disease | 3 (2.9%) | 2 (3.5%) | | Cardiovascular disease | 39 (37.9%) | 27 (47.4%) | | Chronic bowel disease | 8 (7.8%) | 4 (7.0%) | | Chronic nervous disease | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (1.8%) | | Cerebrovascular disease | 18 (17.5%) | 12 (21.1%) | | Haematological disease | 9 (8.7%) | 5 (8.8%) | | Rheumatological disease | 8 (7.8%) | 4 (7.0%) | | Dementia | 2 (1.9%) | 1 (1.8%) | | HIV/AIDS | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| | Clinical data on admission | | Fever | 77 (74.8%) | 36 (63.2%) | | Cough | 82 (80.4%) | 39 (69.6%) | | Dyspnoea | 75 (73.5%) | 38 (67.9%) | | Sputum production | 11 (10.8%) | 6 (10.7%) | | Myalgia | 52 (51.0%) | 28 (50.0%) | | Headache | 10 (9.8%) | 4 (7.1%) | | Diarrhoea | 19 (18.6%) | 12 (21.4%) | | Respiratory rate | 25.11 ± 6.66 | 26.00 ± 7.41 | | Systolic blood pressure | 142.91 ± 26.70 | 144.72 ± 25.97 | | Diastolic blood pressure | 90.73 ± 17.12 | 88.39 ± 14.29 | | Heart rate | 88.44 ± 19.79 | | | Urine output day 1 | 1275.21 ± 822.00 | 1282.35 ± 726.99 | | GCS (total) | 14.22 ± 1.33 | 14.52 ± 1.16 | | P/F ratio | 117.44 ± 78.95 | 124.65 ± 61.48 |
| | Laboratory findings | | Red blood cell count (1012/l) | 4.09 ± 0.74 | 3.84 ± 0.74 | | White blood cell count (109/l) | 8.77 ± 5.08 | 10.89 ± 7.63 | | Lymphocytes (%) | 19.91 ± 36.28 | 29.45 ± 47.90 | | Platelets (109/l) | 246.15 ± 101.72 | 239.64 ± 100.24 | | Bilirubin (mg/l) | 0.66 ± 0.59 | 0.72 ± 0.76 |
| | Length of stay (before ICU) (days) | 3.10 ± 5.12 | 3.95 ± 6.27 | | SOFA (on ICU admission) | 4.52 ± 2.99 | 4.18 ± 2.51 | | APACHE II (on ICU admission) | 12.49 ± 4.94 | 11.96 ± 6.10 | | APACHE IV (on ICU admission) | 46.21 ± 15.24 | 42.61 ± 14.73 | | Clinical frailty index | 4.01 ± 1.58 | 3.91 ± 1.65 |
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Results are displayed in mean ± SD or as numbers (%).
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