Delirium and Associated Length of Stay and Costs in Critically Ill Patients
Table 1
Demographics and delirium screening tools of the included studies.
Study
Type of study
No. of enrolled patients
No. of patients with delirium (%)
Delirium screening tool
Physiologic scoring system
ICU LOS (days)
Hospital LOS (days)
Aldemir 2001
Prospective cohort
818
90 (11.0)
DSM-III
NR
10.7
15.6
Almeida 2014
Prospective cohort
170
161 (91.0)
CAM-ICU
SAPS II, SOFA
14.3
26.0
Angles 2008
Prospective cohort
69
41 (59.4)
CAM-ICU
NR
7.8
15.2
Balas 2009
Prospective cohort
114
34 (29.8)
CAM-ICU
APACHE II
8.7
17.4
Burry 2017
Prospective cohort
520
260 (50.0)
ICDSC
APACHE II
6.7
NR
Dittrich 2017
Prospective cohort
240
145 (60.4)
CAM-ICU
SAPS III
12.7
39.3
Falsini 2017
Prospective cohort
726
111 (15.3)
CAM-ICU
NR
2.8
7.3
Green 2019
Prospective cohort
455
160 (35.2)
CAM-ICU
APACHE II
5.5
11.7
Kenes 2017
Prospective cohort
70
53 (75.7)
ICDSC
APACHE II
9.0
13.0
Kim 2020
Prospective cohort
175
107 (61.1)
CAM-ICU
NR
21.7
40.9
Klouwenberg 2015
Prospective cohort
1112
535 (48.1)
CAM-ICU
APACHE IV, SOFA
10.7
NR
Lat 2009
Prospective cohort
134
84 (62.7)
CAM-ICU
APACHE II
11.0
18.8
Li 2017
Prospective cohort
336
102 (30.4)
CAM-ICU
APACHE II
11.2
NR
Lin 2008
Prospective cohort
151
31 (20.5)
CAM-ICU
APACHE III
16.5
34.3
Marquis 2007
Prospective cohort
537
189 (35.2)
ICDSC
APACHE II
10.8
36.4
Mehta 2015
RCT
420
226 (53.8)
ICDSC
APACHE II
14.3
29.7
Micek 2005
Prospective cohort
93
44 (47.3)
CAM-ICU
APACHE II
11.5
18.4
Ouimet 2007
Prospective cohort
764
243 (31.8)
ICDSC
APACHE II
11.5
18.2
Pauley 2015
Prospective cohort
590
120 (20.3)
CAM-ICU
APACHE II, SAPS II
5.7
NR
Pipanmekaporn 2015
Prospective cohort
4450
162 (3.64)
ICDSC
APACHE II, SOFA
10.7
23.3
Plaschke 2007
Prospective cohort
37
17 (46.0)
CAM-ICU
APACHE II
6.9
22.3
Roberts 2005
Prospective cohort
185
84 (45.4)
ICDSC
APACHE II
10.0
23.3
Salluh 2010
Prospective prevalence
232
75 (32.3)
CAM-ICU
SAPS III
24.3
NR
Sánchez-Hurtado 2018
Prospective cohort
109
25 (22.9)
CAM-ICU
NR
7.5
NR
Schubert 2018
Prospective cohort
10,906
3069 (28.1)
ICDSC
NR
4.4
40.3
Serafim 2012
Prospective cohort
467
43 (9.20)
CAM
APACHE II
7.3
25.7
Sharma 2012
Prospective cohort
140
75 (54.0)
DSM-IV
APACHE II
8.5
NR
Shehabi 2010
Prospective cohort
354
228 (64.4)
CAM-ICU
NR
15.3
NR
Singh 2018
Prospective cohort
67,333
1985 (2.95)
CAM-ICU
APACHE III, SOFA
1.4
8.1
Spronk 2009
Prospective cohort
46
23 (50.0)
CAM-ICU
APACHE II
13.7
30.3
Thomason 2005
Prospective cohort
261
125 (47.9)
CAM-ICU
APACHE II
4.0
5.0
Tilouche 2018
Prospective cohort
206
39 (18.9)
CAM-ICU
SAPS II
21.5
NR
Tsuruta 2010
Prospective cohort
103
21 (20.4)
CAM-ICU
APACHE II
13.3
NR
Van den Boogaard 2010
Prospective cohort
1740
332 (19.1)
CAM-ICU
APACHE II
4.3
18.7
Van den Boogaard 2012
Prospective cohort
1613
411 (26.0)
CAM-ICU
APACHE II
7.0
16.7
Van Rompaey 2008
Prospective cohort
172
34 (19.8)
CAM-ICU
NR
17.5
NR
Visser 2015
Prospective cohort
463
22 (4.75)
DOS
NR
3.0
14.0
Wolters 2014
Prospective cohort
1101
412 (37.0)
CAM-ICU
APACHE IV, SOFA
9.3
NR
Wood 2017
Prospective cohort
88
19 (21.6)
CAM-ICU
APACHE
11.7
NR
Yamada 2018
Prospective cohort
380
60 (15.8)
CAM-ICU
APACHE II
4.0
NR
Yamaguchi 2014
Prospective cohort
126
35 (27.8)
ICDSC
NR
7.1
36.3
A description of all included studies, according to primary author and year published. ICU and hospital LOS are reported for patients with delirium per study. RCT = randomized controlled trial; DSM = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; ICDSC = Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist; CAM = Confusion Assessment Method; CAM-ICU = Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit; IQCODE = Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly; DOS = Delirium Observation Screening Scale; APACHE = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Score; SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score; SAPS = Simplified Acute Physiology Score; NR = no response.
