Predicting Outcomes for Interhospital Transferred Patients of Emergency General Surgery

Table 3

Clinical features of patients admitted to EGS from the ED and inpatient units.

Variables		From ED (A)	From inpatient units
			From ICU (B)	From other inpatient units (C)
Total patients, N		175	280	253	NA	NA
SOFA score, mean (SD)^¶		2.39 (2.18)	5.70 (4.50)	1.40 (2.26)	<0.001	<0.001
WBC count (K/mcL), mean (SD)		11.74 (6.60)	15.00 (9.08)	9.83 (5.15)	<0.001	<0.001
Serum lactate (mmol/L), mean (SD)		2.00 (1.51)	2.50 (2.73)	1.57 (1.08)	0.016	0.022
Patients with open abdomen, N (%)		NA	51 (18)	NA	NA	NA
EBL of first operation (mL), mean (SD)		143.73 (752.66)	271.00 (851.65)	91.66 (311.81)	0.05	0.54
Fluid in operating room (mL), mean (SD)		718.53 (1351.37)	2035.16 (2936.39)	917.00 (1764.45)	<0.001	0.86
Blood products during first operation^#, N (%)
pRBCs	15 (9)		76 (27)	19 (8)	<0.001	0.69
FFP	9 (5)		43 (15)	7 (3)	0.001	0.20
Platelets	3 (2)		18 (6)	18 (7)	0.020	0.011
Other blood products	26 (15)		61 (22)	20 (8)	0.07	0.022
Survivors’ HLOS (days), median [IQR]^§	7 [4–11]		14 [8–25]	6 [3–9]	<0.001	0.020
Patients with short hospital stay^##, N (%)	68 (41)		29 (12)	116 (46)	<0.001	0.25
Patients with medium hospital stay^##, N (%)	61 (37)		71 (31)	94 (38)	0.22	0.82
Patients with long hospital stay^##, N (%)	38 (22)		132 (57)	40 (16)	<0.001	0.08
Type of disposition, N (%)
Discharge home	127 (72)		102 (36)	172 (68)	<0.001	0.31
Rehab or subacute facility	30 (17)		94 (34)	43 (17)	<0.001	0.97
Skilled nursing facility	10 (6)		15 (5)	7 (3)	0.87	0.13
Hospice or expired	8 (5)		48 (17)	3 (1)	<0.001	0.06

Statistical analysis of Group A (patients from ED) versus Group B (patients from ICU). Statistical analysis of Group A (patients from ED) versus Group C (patients from other inpatient units). ^¶Higher score indicates more severe disease. ^§Total patients (N = 649) after removing 59 patients who died prior to discharge, from ED = 167, from ICU = 232, and from inpatient units = 250. ^#Denotes the total blood products administered to the entire patient population, not the number of blood products per patient. ^##Patients’ HLOS was categorized based on the following criteria: Short HLOS: ≤5 days. Medium HLOS: >5 days to ≤12 days. Long HLOS: >12 days. Bold cells indicate statistically significant variables (). ED: emergency department; EGS: emergency general surgery; EBL: estimated blood loss; FFP: fresh frozen plasma; HLOS: hospital length of stay; ICU: intensive care unit; IQR: interquartile range; mL: milliliters; mmol/L: millimoles per liter; NA: not applicable; pRBCs: packed red blood cells; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SD: standard deviation; K/mcL: thousands of cells per microliter of blood; and WBC: white blood cell.