Research Article
Crosslinguistic Developmental Consistency in the Composition of Toddlers’ Internal State Vocabulary: Evidence from Four Languages
Table 1
Descriptions of study measures.
| | | Language group | | | Italian | German | English | French |
| | Mean age in months | | | | | | M (SD) | 30.63 (.50) | 30.13 (.35) | 32.14 (1.42) | 32.11 (1.64) | | Maternal education | 53% | 48% | 43% | 31% | | Secondary | Secondary | Secondary | Secondary | | education+ | education | education | education | | 47% | 52% | 57% | 69% | | Postsecondary | Postsecondary | Postsecondary | Postsecondary | | education* | education | education | education | | Number of siblings | | | | | | M (SD) | .48 (.98) | .82 (.62) | .78 (.90) | .85 (.93) | | ILS overall | | | | | | M (SD) | 67.40% (18.85%) | 67.70% (20.28%) | 66.92% (19.68%) | 59.14% (21.36%) | | Range | 25%–97% | 25%–100% | 20%–100% | 9%–100% | | Physiology | 80.73% (17.17%) | 91.96 (10.96%) | 76.43% (20.94%) | 75.00% (21.90%) | | 44%–100% | 50%–100% | 11%–100% | 25%–100% | | Perception | 72.44% (16.83%) | 86.18% (17.37%) | 74.13% (20.40%) | 70.64% (24.38%) | | 36%–100% | 30%–100% | 31%–100% | 0%–100% | | Volition/ | 62.11% (31.81%) | 83.82% (22.73%) | 72.09% (29.80%) | 63.51% (31.29%) | | ability | 0%–100% | 0%–100% | 0%–100% | 0%–100% | | Emotion/ | 68.81% (22.39%) | 65.17% (22.78%) | 75.13% (18.67%) | 59.46% (22.99%) | | affect | 12%–100% | 14%–100% | 30%–100% | 8%–100% | | Moral | 66.99% (22.64%) | 55.15% (32.98%) | 53.24% (27.14%) | 56.08% (27.53%) | | judgment/obligation | 13%–100% | 0%–100% | 0%–100% | 0%–100% | | Cognition | 48.75% (28.14%) | 39.54% (30.32%) | 41.58% (29.75%) | 33.11% (28.43%) | | 0%–100% | 0%–100% | 0%–100% | 0%–100% |
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High-school diploma/A-levels.
*Bachelor’s/Master’s degree.
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