Comparing Adolescent Only Children with Those Who Have Siblings on Academic Related Outcomes and Psychosocial Adjustment

Table 2

Academic related outcomes: unstandardized and standardized regression coefficients on educational expectations, homework time, and grades—comparing adolescents who have siblings with singletons (reference category).

	Edu. expectations				Homework				Grades
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 1		Model 2		Model 1		Model 2
	Unstan.	Stan.	Unstan.	Stan.	Unstan.	Stan.	Unstan.	Stan.	Unstan.	Stan.	Unstan.	Stan.
Female	0.15***	0.08	0.15***	0.08	0.34***	0.13	0.34***	0.13	0.15***	0.09	0.15***	0.09
Asian	0.24***	0.08	0.24***	0.08	0.36***	0.10	0.35***	0.10	0.34***	0.14	0.34***	0.14
Black	0.07*	0.02	0.06	0.02	−0.25***	−0.06	−0.25***	−0.06	−0.28***	−0.10	−0.28***	−0.10
Hispanic	−0.11***	−0.04	−0.12***	−0.04	−0.14**	−0.04	−0.14***	−0.04	−0.15***	−0.06	−0.15***	−0.06
Parent edu.	0.19***	0.32	0.19***	0.32	0.18***	0.23	0.18***	0.23	0.12***	0.23	0.12***	0.23
Two-parent	0.13***	0.07	0.13***	0.07	0.14***	0.05	0.14***	0.05	0.19***	0.12	0.20***	0.12
Nonsingleton 1 sib	−0.01	0.00	—	—	−0.01	0.00	—	—	0.01	0.00	—	—
Nonsingleton 2 sib	−0.06	−0.03	—	—	−0.07	−0.02	—	—	−0.05	−0.03	—	—
Nonsingleton 3 sib	−0.10*	−0.04	—	—	−0.13*	−0.04	—	—	−0.09**	−0.04	—	—
Nonsingleton 4+ sib	−0.14***	−0.06	—	—	−0.15*	−0.04	—	—	−0.08*	−0.04	—	—
Firstborn 1 sib	—	—	−0.01	0.00	—	—	0.03	0.01	—	—	0.03	0.01
Firstborn 2 sib	—	—	−0.02	−0.01	—	—	−0.04	−0.01	—	—	0.00	0.00
Firstborn 3 sib	—	—	−0.01	0.00	—	—	−0.04	−0.01	—	—	−0.07	−0.01
Firstborn 4+ sib	—	—	−0.10	−0.02	—	—	−0.03	0.00	—	—	−0.01	0.00
Laterborn 1 sib	—	—	−0.01	0.00	—	—	−0.05	−0.01	—	—	−0.02	−0.01
Laterborn 2 sib	—	—	−0.09*	−0.03	—	—	−0.08	−0.02	—	—	−0.07*	−0.04
Laterborn 3 sib	—	—	−0.13**	−0.04	—	—	−0.15*	−0.04	—	—	−0.10**	−0.04
Laterborn 4+ sib	—	—	−0.14***	−0.05	—	—	−0.16**	−0.05	—	—	−0.09*	−0.04
Constant	2.77		2.77		2.6		2.61		2.04		2.04
𝑅^2 (adj)	0.14		0.15		0.11		0.11		0.15		0.15
𝑁	9,079		9,079		8,355		8,355		8,576		8,576

^∗𝑃<0.05; ^∗∗𝑃<0.01; ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001 (two-tailed tests).