Early Vocabulary Development in Rural and Urban Mozambique
Table 1
Demographic information about the respondents included in our norming study (). Data are split up between the rural () and urban communities ().
All
Rural
Urban
Mean/
(SD/%)
Mean/
(SD/%)
Mean/
(SD/%)
General demographic information
Children’s age in months
18.62
(4.10)
18.71
(3.92)
18.49
(4.35)
Number of females
331
(51.96)
194
(51.32)
137
(52.90)
Number of males
306
(48.04)
184
(48.68)
122
(47.10)
Health problems
236
(37.05)
200
(52.91)
36
(13.90)
Individuals per household
7.60
(3.46)
8.10
(3.80)
6.88
(2.73)
Children per household
2.99
(1.53)
3.47
(1.59)
2.29
(1.13)
Maternal education
None
108
(16.95)
96
(25.40)
12
(4.63)
Primary school
464
(72.84)
261
(69.05)
203
(78.38)
Higher
65
(10.20)
21
(5.56)
44
(16.99)
Secondary caregiver
None
160
(25.12)
48
(12.70)
112
(43.24)
Sibling
174
(27.31)
152
(40.21)
22
(8.49)
Adult
303
(47.57)
178
(47.09)
125
(48.26)
First language
Ronga
8
(1.26)
0
(0.00)
8
(3.09)
Changana
447
(70.17)
377
(99.74)
70
(27.03)
Portuguese
182
(28.57)
1
(0.26)
181
(69.88)
Second language
Ronga
28
(4.40)
0
(0.00)
28
(10.81)
Changana
138
(26.66)
1
(0.26)
137
(52.90)
Portuguese
134
(21.04)
54
(14.29)
80
(30.88)
Other Bantu language(s)
29
(4.55)
17
(4.50)
12
(4.63)
English
3
(0.47)
2
(0.77)
1
(0.26)
None
324
(50.86)
317
(83.86)
7
(2.70)
Note. The sum of the percentages of the second language slightly exceeds 100%, because a number of respondents reported two other languages next to the first language.
