Review Article
Livelihood of Street Children and the Role of Social Intervention: Insights from Literature Using Meta-Analysis
Table 2
Category of street children and their living condition identified from studies for review.
| | SN | First author (reference number) | Year | Country | Sample | Category of children | Living condition | | Working on the street (%) | Living on the street (%) | Abandoned (%) | Others (%) | With family (%) | Alone/friends (%) |
| | 1 | Sorsa [11] | 2002 | Ethiopia (Hwassa) | 479 | 201 (41.96) | 278 (58.04) | 0 | 0 | 201 (41.96) | 278 (58.04) | | 2 | UNICEF [12] | 2000 | Ethiopia (Addis Ababa) | 240 | 66 (27.50) | 174 (72.50) | 0 | 0 | 66 (27.50) | 174 (72.50) | | 2000 | Ethiopia (Bahir Dar) | 440 | 224 (50.91) | 216 (49.09) | 0 | 0 | 224 (50.91) | 216 (49.09) | | 2000 | Ethiopia (Dessie) | 339 | 134 (39.53) | 197 (58.11) | 0 | 8 (2.36) | 134 (39.53) | 197 (58.11) | | 2000 | Ethiopia (Kombolcha) | 312 | 191 (61.22) | 121 (38.78) | 0 | 0 | 191 (61.22) | 121 (38.78) | | 3 | Mulugeta [13] | 2005 | Ethiopia (Addis Ababa) | 191 | — | — | — | — | — | — | | 4 | Habtamu [14] | 2013 | Ethiopia (Addis Ababa) | 422 | 113 (26.78) | 309 (73.22) | 0 | 0 | 43 (10.19) | 379 (89.81) | | 5 | Kebede [3] | 2015 | Ethiopia (Hwassa) | 170 | — | — | — | — | — | — | | 6 | Ikechebelu, [15] | 2008 | Nigeria | 186 | — | — | — | — | — | — | | 7 | Owoaje [16] | 2009 | Nigeria | 360 | — | — | — | — | 234 (65.00) | 126 (35.00) | | 8 | Ekpiken-Ekanem [17] | 2014 | Nigeria | 3036 | — | — | — | — | — | — | | 9 | Ballet [18] | 2010 | Madagascar | 100 | 95 (95.00) | 5 (5.00) | 0 | 0 | 95 (95.00) | 5 (5.00) | | 10 | Anarfi [19] | 1997 | Ghana (Accra) | 1147 | — | — | — | — | — | — | | 11 | Asante [20] | 2014 | Ghana (Accra) | 227 | — | — | — | — | — | — | | 12 | WERK [21] | 2002 | Kenya (Nairobi) | 9981 | 8499 (85.15) | 1482 (14.85) | 0 | 0 | 8499 (85.15) | 1482 (14.85) | | 13 | Ouma [22] | 2004 | Kenya | 5152 | — | — | — | — | — | — | | 14 | Omondi [23] | 2015 | Kenya (Kitale) | 99 | — | — | — | — | — | — | | 15 | Kipyegon [24] | 2015 | Kenya (Eldoret) | 75 | 35 (46.67) | 39 (52.00) | 1 (1.33) | 0 | 27 (36.00%) | 48 (64.00) | | 16 | Snell [25] | 2003 | South Africa | 30 | — | — | — | — | — | — | | 17 | Cummings [26] | 2006 | Sierra Leone | 166 | 112 (67.47) | 37 (22.29) | 2 (1.20) | 0 | 112 (67.47) | 54 (32.53) | | 18 | Al-Dien [27] | 2009 | Egypt | 2603 | — | — | — | — | — | — | | | Subtotal (Africa) | 25755 | 9670 (37.55) | 2858 (11.10) | 3 (0.01) | 8 (0.03) | 9826 (38.15) | 3080 (11.96) | | 19 | Gaidhane [28] | 2008 | India (Mumbai) | 163 | 83 (50.92) | 80 (49.08) | 0 | 0 | 83 (50.92) | 80 (49.08) | | 20 | Bal [29] | 2010 | India (Kolkata) | 554 | 83 (14.98) | 0 | 471 (85.02) | 0 | — | — | | 21 | Gupta [30] | 2012 | India (Sangam Vihar) | 100 | 74 (74.00) | 26 (26.00) | 0 | 0 | 74 (74.00) | 26 (26.00) | | 22 | Mukherjee [31] | 2014 | India (Kolkata) | 600 | 0 | 0 | 600 (100.00) | 0 | 328 (54.67) | 272 (45.33) | | 23 | TISS [32] | 2015 | India (Mumbai) | 37059 | 9056 (24.44) | 2973 (8.02) | 24120 (65.09) | 910 (2.46) | 9056 (24.44) | 27093 (73.11) | | 24 | Chande [33] | | India (Thane) | 121 | 27 (22.31) | 94 (77.69) | 0 | 0 | 27 (22.31) | 94 (77.69) | | 25 | Ahmed [34] | 2003 | Bangladesh | 2573 | 149 (5.79) | 2424 (94.21) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2573 (100.00) | | 26 | Islam [35] | 2013 | Bangladesh | 100 | 43 (43.00) | 57 (57.00) | 0 | 0 | 43 (43.00) | 57 (57.00) | | 27 | Vedadi [36] | 2013 | Pakistan | 250 | 21 (8.40) | 229 (91.60) | 0 | 0 | — | — | | 28 | Baker [37] | 1997 | Nepal | 130 | — | — | — | — | — | — | | | Subtotal (Asia) | 41650 | 9536 (22.90) | 5883 (14.12) | 25191 (60.48) | 910 (2.18) | 9611 (23.08) | 30195 (72.50) | | 29 | Campos [38] | 1994 | Brazil | 379 | 157 (41.42) | 152 (40.11) | 0 | 70 (18.47) | 157 (41.42) | 222 (58.58) | | 30 | Raffaelli [39] | 2005 | Brazil | 69 | — | — | — | — | — | — | | 31 | de Carvalho [40] | 2006 | Brazil | 161 | — | — | — | — | — | — | | | Subtotal (Latin America)
| 609 | 157 (25.78) | 152 (24.96) | 0 | 70 (11.49) | 157 (25.78) | 222 (36.45) | | | Total (all continents) | 68014 | 19363 (28.47) | 8893 (13.08) | 25194 (37.04) | 988 (1.45) | 10210 (15.01) | 6404 (9.42) |
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