Measurement of Perceived Parental Success Standards in Sport and Relations with Athletes’ Self-Esteem, Performance Anxiety, and Achievement Goal Orientation: Comparing Parental and Coach Influences

Table 2

Hierarchical linear models showing the relations between coach-initiated motivational climate, perceived parental success standards, and athletes’ performance anxiety, self-esteem, and goal orientation scores.

Team level	Performance anxiety			Self-esteem			Ego achievement goal orientation			Mastery achievement goal orientation
		Std. error			Std. error			Std. error			Std. error
Random intercept	25.07	0.5	—	46.19	0.44	—	2.38	0.082	—	4.48	0.041	—
Individual level
Coach MC	−2.37	0.472	−5.02	1.19	0.353	3.36	−0.05	0.047	−0.98	0.11	0.026	4.06
Coach EC	0.74	0.474	1.57	−1	0.356	−2.80	0.19	0.047	4.11	—	—	—
PPMSS	−1.39	0.441	−3.14	1.84	0.334	5.51	0.01	0.044	0.02	0.22	0.026	8.36
PPESS	1.67	0.458	3.64	−0.47	0.345	−1.37	0.43	0.045	9.58	—	—	—
Interaction
Coach MC × PPMSS	−1.07	0.516	−2.07	0.28	0.394	0.71	−0.01	0.052	−0.23	0.03	0.031	0.84
Coach MC × PPESS	−0.99	0.533	−1.85	0.5	0.396	1.27	0.02	0.054	0.39	−0.03	0.032	−0.81
Coach EC × PPMSS	−1.04	0.542	−1.92	0.13	0.418	0.31	0.01	0.055	0.12	−0.03	0.032	−0.98
Coach EC × PPESS	−0.73	0.528	−1.37	0.34	0.4	0.84	0.06	0.054	1.07	−0.01	0.031	−0.13

⁢, , .
Coach MC: mastery climate.
Coach EC: ego climate.
PPMSS: perceived parent mastery success standards.
PPESS: perceived parent ego success standards.