Acquisition of Letter Naming Knowledge, Phonological Awareness, and Spelling Knowledge of Kindergarten Children at Risk for Learning to Read

Table 3

Multivariate and univariate analysis of variance for reading measures.

Source	Multivariate		Univariate
		(Cohen’s )	(Cohen’s )	(Cohen’s )	(Cohen’s )
December to May	6,8394	(.92)	(.57)	(.86)	(1.81)
December to February			(.68)	(.21)	(.70)
February to May			(.43)	(.91)	(1.83)

Note. Multivariate ratios were generated using Pillai’s statistic. LNK = letter naming knowledge; PA = phonological awareness; SK = spelling knowledge; . . . . .