Female Sex as a Thromboembolic Risk Factor in the Era of Nonvitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants

Table 2

Sex-based analysis of rate of stroke/SE and major bleeding studies.

Authors, year	Sample ()	Type of the study	Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score	Rate of strokes/SE and major bleeding in female vs male patients	Anticoagulant therapy
Poli et al., (2013) [9]	Total patients; 3,015 (aged > 80 years): Men 1,361,; Women 1,654	Observational study	Females showed a higher risk score for all the classes of risk when CHA2DS2VASc was applied	Stroke: Men; nr. 45 (1.3 per 100 person year); Women; nr. 67 (1.6 per 100 person year); RR 1.2 (95% CI 0.8-1.8); Major bleeding: Men; nr. 75 (2.2 per 100 person year); Women; nr. 97 (1.4 per 100 person year); RR 1.6 (95% CI 1.1-2.3)	VKA treatment
Avgil Tsadok et al., (2015) [33]	Total patients: 15,918; Men 8,346; Women 7,572	Observational study	Men; 2.6; Women; 3.9	Stroke: Men; HR (95% CI) 0.98 (0.78-1.23); Women; HR (95% CI) 0.79 (0.56- 1.04); Major bleeding: Men; HR (95% CI) 0.73 (0.64-0.84); Women; HR (95% CI) 0.85 (0.71-1.01)	Dabigatran
Vinereanu et al., (2015) [34]	Total patients: 9,120; Men 5886; Women 3234	Randomized controlled trial	Men 3 (median); Women 4 (median)	Stroke/SE: Men; HR (95% CI) 0.84 (0.66-1.05); Women; HR (95% CI) 0.73 (0.54- 0.97); Major bleeding: Men; HR (95% CI) 0.76 (0.64- 0.90); Women; HR (95% CI) 0.56 (0.44- 0.72)	Apixaban vs warfarin
Camm et al.,; (2017) [15]	Total patients: 28, 624; Men 15 915,; Women 12,709	Prospective study	Men; Women	Stroke/SE: Men; 1.17 (CI 1.01-1.37); Women; 1.62 (CI 1.41-1.87); Major bleeding: Men; 0.79 (CI 1.01 - 0.95); Women; 0.93 (CI 0.78 - 1.1.3)	Men: 33.8% VKA, 12.2% VKA+AP, 13.1% NOAC, 3.8% NOAC+AP, 24.9% AP, 12.2% none.; Women: 37.1% VKA, 9.7% VKA+ AP, 13.9% NOAC, 3.2% NOAC+AP, 23.9% AP, 12.3% none
Law et al., (2018) [31]	Total patients: 15,292; Men 7,952; Women 7,340	Cohort study	Men 2.96 (SD 1.68); Women 4.34 (SD 1.79)	Stroke: Men; HR (95% CI) 0.85 (0.65-1.12); Women; HR (95% CI) 0.81 (0.63- 1.03); Major bleeding: Men; HR (95% CI) 1.13 (0.73- 1.4); Women; HR (95% CI) 0.89 (0.63- 1.27)	Warfarin vs DOAC

AP: Antiplatelet; CI: Confidence interval; DOAC: Direct oral anticoagulant; HR: Hazard ratio; NOAC: Nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants; RR: Risk ratio; SE: Systemic embolism; VKA: Vitamin K antagonists.