Hyperuricemia is a Risk Factor for One-Year Overall Survival in Elderly Female Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Table 4

Differences between women and men.

Parameters	Women				Men
	All (n = 273)	sUA normal (n = 164)	Hyperuricemia (n = 109)		All (n = 438)	sUA normal (n = 296)	Hyperuricemia (n = 142)
Demographics and medical history
Age, years (median, IQR)	78 (76–81)	78 (76–80)	78 (76–81)	0.510	78 (76–80)	78 (76–80)	78 (76–80)	0.455	0.381
Body mass index (median, IQR)	22.7 (20.6–25.4)	22.8 (20.6–25.1)	22.5 (20.5–26.3	0.644	23.1 (20.9–25.4)	22.8 (20.9–25.5)	23.7 (20.8–26.3)	0.065	0.427
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	96 (35.2)	57 (34.8)	39 (35.8)	0.862	116 (26.5)	81 (27.4)	35 (24.6)	0.546	0.014
Hypertension, n (%)	217 (79.5)	126 (76.8)	91 (83.5)	0.182	319 (72.8)	208 (70.3)	111 (78.2)	0.02	0.056
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)	30 (11.2)	16 (9.9)	14 (13.0)	0.440	53 (12.3)	27 (9.2)	26 (18.7)	0.005	0.656
CKD ≥3	13 (4.8)	3 (1.8)	10 (9.2)	0.005	26 (5.9)	14 (4.7)	12 (8.5)	0.125	0.506
Stroke, n (%)	32 (11.9)	19 (11.8)	13 (12.1)	0.931	71 (16.5)	51 (17.5)	20 (14.5)	0.438	0.098
Previous chest pain, n (%)	181 (67.5)	111 (68.9)	70 (65.4)	0.546	286 (66.2)	188 (64.2)	98 (70.5)	0.193	0.716
Previous PCI, n (%)	36 (13.5)	24 (15.0)	12 (11.2)	0.375	78 (18.1)	58 (19.8)	20 (14.4)	0.172	0.112
Previous CABG, n (%)	3 (1.1)	2 (1.2)	1 (0.9)	0.815	10 (2.3)	7 (2.4)	3 (2.2)	0.882	0.255
Current smoking, n (%)	14 (5.4)	7 (4.4)	7 (6.8)	0.407	239 (56.5)	164 (57.3)	75 (54.7)	0.614	<0.001
Clinical presentation
Hyperuricemia, n (%)	109 (39.9)				142 (32.4)				0.042
Severe heart failure, n (%)	155 (56.8)	83 (50.6)	72 (66.1)	0.012	201 (46.0)	120 (40.7)	81 (57.0)	0.001	0.005
STEMI, n (%)	55 (20.5)	38 (23.6)	17 (15.9)	0.126	119 (27.9)	77 (26.9)	42 (30.0)	0.506	0.028
NSTE-ACS, n (%)	213 (79.5)	123 (76.4)	90 (84.1)	0.126	307 (72.1)	209 (73.1)	98 (70.0)	0.506	0.028
Laboratory data
WBC, 10^9/L (mean ± SD)	7.4 ± 3.3	7.3 ± 3.4	7.5 ± 3.1	0.655	7.2 ± 3.2	7.1 ± 3.2	7.5 ± 3.2	0.287	0.568
Hemoglobin, g/L (mean ± SD)	110.4 ± 18.3	112.4 ± 16.5	107.3 ± 20.5	0.025	121.8 ± 20.2	123.1 ± 20.0	118.9 ± 21.1	0.039	<0.001
Platelets, 10^9/L (mean ± SD)	202.9 ± 64.9	208.5 ± 64.6	194.7 ± 64.8	0.090	174.3 ± 61.4	117.9 ± 61.4	166.7 ± 61.0	0.080	<0.001
Fasting glucose, mmol/l (median, IQR)	6.0 (4.9–7.6)	6.1 (5.0–7.9)	5.9 (4.9–6.9)	0.255	5.7 (4.8–7.1)	5.7 (4.8–7.1)	5.6 (4.8–6.7)	0.467	0.181
HbA1C, % (median, IQR)	6.7 (6.0–7.4)	6.5 (5.9–7.5)	6.7 (6.0–7.0)	0.891	6.1 (5.6–6.5)	6.2 (5.7–6.8)	5.8 (5.5–6.2)	0.078	0.005
ALT, U/l (median, IQR)	17.5 (11.7–28.3)	17.6 (11.8–28.2)	17.5 (11.5–29.6)	0.932	19.9 (13.6–33.5)	20.2 (13.9–33.2)	19.6 (13.3–34.8)	0.738	0.012
AST, U/l (median, IQR)	22.6 (17.1–39.5)	22.0 (16.3–47.0)	22.8 (19.2–36.8)	0.728	22.6 (17.8–49.9)	23.5 (17.8–55.5)	21.5 (17.4–38.0)	0.742	0.579
Albumin, g/L (mean ± SD)	35.1 ± 4.5	35.1 ± 4.2	35.1 ± 4.8	0.942	35.1 ± 4.1	35.2 ± 3.9	34.9 ± 4.4	0.516	0.902
Triglycerides, mmol/l (mean ± SD)	1.6 ± 1.0	1.5 ± 0.9	1.7 ± 1.2	0.323	1.6 ± 4.2	1.6 ± 5.1	1.5 ± 1.0	0.740	0.960
Total cholesterol, mmol/l (mean ± SD)	4.1 ± 1.0	4.1 ± 1.0	4.1 ± 1.1	0.913	3.8 ± 0.9	3.7 ± 0.9	3.8 ± 1.0	0.400	<0.001
HDL-cholesterol, mmol/l (mean ± SD)	1.1 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.3	0.288	1.0 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.3	1.0 ± 0.2	0.012	0.002
LDL-cholesterol, mmol/l (mean ± SD)	2.4 ± 0.9	2.4 ± 0.9	2.5 ± 1.0	0.575	2.2 ± 0.8	2.2 ± 0.8	2.3 ± 0.9	0.373	0.002
Creatinine, μmol/l (mean ± SD)	89.9 ± 54.1	76.0 ± 35.3	111.1 ± 69.2	<0.001	124.4 ± 98.6	108.0 ± 78.5	158.3 ± 124.4	<0.001	<0.001
sUA, μmol/l (mean ± SD)	349.2 ± 119.1	274.4 ± 52.0	462.0 ± 101.3	<0.001	381.4 ± 110.1	322.6 ± 61.9	504.1 ± 84.3	<0.001	<0.001
PT, s (mean ± SD)	13.7 ± 4.3	13.1 ± 1.5	147 ± 6.5	0.100	13.5 ± 2.8	13.4 ± 2.9	13.6 ± 2.4	0.715	0.674
APTT, s (mean ± SD)	39.5 ± 14.4	40.1 ± 15.5	38.5 ± 12.8	0.667	41.4 ± 22.2	43.5 ± 24.7	35.4 ± 11.1	0.109	0.562
CK-Mb, U/l (mean ± SD)	35.0 ± 71.4	37.6 ± 81.5	30.9 ± 52.3	0.475	44.3 ± 119.0	44.4 ± 113.0	44.1 ± 131.1	0.982	0.266
TnT, pg/ml (median, IQR)	19.3 (9.7–603.3)	16.9 (9.5–847.0)	27.8 (9.0–603.3)	0.819	33.2 (12.3–1461.0)	21.4 (11.6–1305.5)	56.0 (13.6–3185.8)	0.290	0.141
hs-CRP, mg/l (median, IQR)	4.3 (1.3–23.2)	4.3 (1.2–25.5)	5.3 (1.6–20.7)	0.967	5.1 (1.4–20.2)	4.2 (1.2–20.8)	7.5 (2.2–20.1)	0.076	0.849
NT-proBNP, pg/ml (median, IQR)	935.9 (290.4–3082.5)	718.0 (255.5–1999.1)	1619.2 (433.1–5058.7)	0.001	1337.0 (394.9–3737.7)	1037.0 (321.5–2917.2)	2055.0 (618.1–5153.8)	0.001	0.067
EF, % (mean ± SD)	53 ± 10.4	55 ± 9.2	51.6 ± 11.7	0.009	53 ± 10.9	53 ± 1.05	53 ± 11.9	0.754	0.460
In-hospital management
Aspirin, n (%)	227 (83.2)	141 (86.0)	86 (78.9)	0.126	376 (86.2)	265 (89.9)	111 (78.2)	0.001	0.262
Clopidogrel, n (%)	234 (86.0)	141 (86.0)	93 (86.1)	0.975	391 (89.5)	266 (90.1)	125 (88.7)	0.699	0.168
ACEI/ARB, n (%)	168 (61.5)	105 (64.0)	63 (57.8)	0.300	268 (61.2)	189 (63.9)	79 (55.6)	0.099	0.925
Beta blocker, n (%)	206 (75.5)	123 (75.0)	83 (76.1)	0.829	306 (69.9)	207 (69.9)	99 (69.7)	0.964	0.106
Statin, n (%)	265 (97.8)	157 (96.9)	108 (99.1)	0.234	422 (96.3)	288 (97.3)	134 (94.4)	0.126	0.283
Diuretic, n (%)	128 (47.6)	67 (41.6)	61 (56.5)	0.017	210 (48.6)	133 (45.4)	77 (55.4)	0.052	0.791
PPI, n (%)	227 (84.4)	133 (82.6)	94 (87.0)	0.327	340 (78.7)	230 (78.5)	110 (79.1)	0.880	0.063
IABP, n (%)	7 (2.6)	3 (1.9)	4 (3.7)	0.353	18 (4.2)	12 (4.1)	6 (4.4)	0.890	0.255
In-hospital events
Heart failure, n (%)	42 (15.7)	22 (13.7)	20 (18.9)	0.253	77 (17.9)	46 (15.8)	31 (22.3)	0.100	0.458
Bleeding, n (%)	22 (8.2)	11 (6.8)	11 (10.4)	0.303	39 (9.1)	23 (7.9)	16 (11.6)	0.210	0.706
VT, n (%)	23 (8.6)	10 (6.2)	13 (12.0)	0.094	36 (8.3)	21 (7.2)	15 (10.8)	0.203	0.920
Stroke, n (%)	5 (1.9)	4 (2.5)	1 (0.9)	0.354	2 (0.5)	2 (0.7)	0 (0.0)	0.329	0.071
Death, n (%)	4 (3.5)	1 (1.4)	3 (7.0)	0.119	8 (4.4)	6 (5.0)	2 (3.3)	0.587	0.693
One-year follow-up
Revascularization	4 (1.6)	1 (0.6)	3 (3.2)	0.120	7 (1.9)	5 (2.0)	2 (1.7)	0.841	0.801
Readmission, n (%)	96 (36.9)	57 (35.8)	39 (38.6)	0.653	159 (39.9)	101 (37.1)	58 (46.0)	0.092	0.436
Stroke, n (%)	13 (5.2)	7 (4.5)	6 (6.4)	0.513	18 (4.8)	17 (6.7)	1 (0.8)	0.013	0.827
Bleeding, n (%)	180 (69.2)	109 (69.0)	71 (69.6)	0.916	268 (67.0)	185 (67.8)	83 (65.4)	0.633	0.549
Death, n (%)	40 (14.7)	16 (9.8)	24 (22.0)	0.005	95 (21.7)	61 (20.6)	34 (32.4)	0.428	0.020

sUA: serum uric acid; IQR: interquartile range; CKD: chronic kidney disease; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; STEMI: ST-elevated myocardial infarction; NSTE-ACS: non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome; WBC: white blood cells; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; PT: prothrombin time; APTT: activated prothrombin time; CK: creatine kinase; CK-Mb: creatine kinase Mb chain; TnT: troponin T; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; NR-proBNP: N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; EF: ejection fraction; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; PPI: proton pump inhibitor; IABP: intra-aortic balloon pump; VT: ventricular tachycardia.