Association of β-Blocker Therapy at Discharge with Clinical Outcomes after Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients without Heart Failure

Table 2

Baseline characteristics of patients.

	Overall population			AMI subpopulation			UA subpopulation
	Discharged with β-blockers ()	Discharged without β-blockers ()	value	Discharged with β-blockers ()	Discharged without β-blockers ()	value	Discharged with β-blockers ()	Discharged without β-blockers ()	value
Clinical characteristics (%)
Age (years)	58.0 (50.0, 65.0)	59.0 (53.0, 67.0)	0.027	58.0 (50.0, 67.0)	56.0 (48.0, 63.0)	0.009	59.0 (52.0, 66.0)	59.0 (53.0, 67.0)	0.687
Male	3,844 (76.2)	473 (80.4)	0.022	1,220 (84.5)	100 (86.2)	0.621	2,624 (72.9)	373 (79.0)	0.005
BMI (kg/m^2)	26.0 (23.9, 27.8)	25.4 (23.5, 27.3)	<0.001	26.0 (23.9, 27.8)	25.6 (23.2, 27.1)	0.200	25.9 (23.8, 27.8)	25.3 (23.5, 27.3)	0.002
Diabetes	1,499 (29.7)	127 (21.6)	<0.001	388 (26.9)	21 (18.1)	0.039	1,111 (30.3)	106 (22.5)	<0.001
Hypertension	3,226 (64.0)	356 (60.5)	0.102	832 (57.6)	65 (56.0)	0.740	2,394 (66.5)	291 (61.7)	0.036
Dyslipidemia	3,380 (67.0)	357 (60.7)	0.002	892 (61.8)	60 (51.7)	0.033	2,488 (69.1)	297 (62.9)	0.006
Prior MI	639 (12.7)	72 (12.2)	0.768	92 (6.4)	9 (7.8)	0.559	547 (15.2)	63 (13.3)	0.289
Prior PCI	1,014 (20.1)	125 (21.3)	0.511	247 (17.1)	29 (25.0)	0.032	767 (21.3)	96 (20.3)	0.627
Prior CABG	198 (3.9)	17 (2.9)	0.215	31 (2.1)	2 (1.7)	1.000	167 (4.6)	15 (3.2)	0.148
Stroke	531 (10.5)	61 (10.4)	0.908	125 (8.7)	15 (12.9)	0.121	406 (11.3)	46 (9.7)	0.318
PAD	104 (2.1)	14 (2.4)	0.61	19 (1.3)	3 (2.6)	0.221	85 (2.4)	11 (2.3)	0.966
COPD	112 (2.2)	21 (3.6)	0.041	33 (2.3)	4 (3.4)	0.349	79 (2.2)	17 (3.6)	0.058
Current smoking	2,896 (57.4)	373 (63.4)	0.005	942 (65.2)	91 (78.4)	0.004	1954 (54.3)	282 (59.7)	0.025
Presenting characteristics
SBP (mmHg)	125 (116, 140)	125 (117, 140)	0.978	120 (110, 130)	120 (105, 130)	0.119	130.0 (120.0, 140.0)	129.0 (120.0, 140.0)	0.892
Heart rate (bpm)	70 (63, 76)	62 (57, 70)	<0.001	70.0 (64.0, 78.0)	61.5 (56.0, 73.8)	<0.001	69.0 (63.0, 76.0)	62.0 (57.0, 69.0)	<0.001
(%)	1,939 (38.4)	237 (40.3)	0.382	521 (36.5)	51 (44.0)	0.109	1,412 (39.2)	186 (39.4)	0.942
CK-MB (U/L)	12.0 (9.0, 16.0)	12.0 (9.0, 15.0)	0.209	12.0 (9.0, 17.0)	12.0 (8.0, 15.5)	0.146	11.0 (9.0, 15.0)	12.0 (9.0, 15.0)	0.796
LVEF	63.0 (60.0, 67.0)	64.6 (60.0, 68.0)	0.002	60.0 (55.0, 64.0)	60.0 (55.0, 65.0)	0.659	65.0 (60.2, 68.0)	65.0 (61.0, 68.3)	0.135
40-49%	217 (4.3)	16 (2.7)	0.068	125 (8.7)	10 (8.6)	0.989	92 (2.6)	6 (1.3)	0.087
Procedure characteristics (%)
SYNTAX score	10 (6, 16)	8 (5, 14)	<0.001	11.0 (7.0, 17.5)	12.0 (7.0, 18.4)	0.435	9.5 (5.0, 16.0)	7.0 (4.3, 12.4)	<0.001
Residual SYNTAX score			0.001			0.178			0.001
0	2,576 (52.7)	350 (60.8)		752 (52.7)	66 (57.4)		1,824 (52.7)	284 (61.6)
0-8	1,622 (33.2)	157 (27.3)		463 (32.4)	28 (24.3)		1,159 (33.5)	129 (28.0)
>8	688 (14.1)	69 (12.0)		212 (14.9)	21 (18.3)		476 (13.8)	48 (10.4)
Left main lesion	122 (2.4)	7 (1.2)	0.058	25 (1.7)	3 (2.6)	0.459	97 (2.7)	4 (0.8)	0.015
LAD	4,588 (91.0)	537 (91.3)	0.779	1,309 (90.7)	103 (88.7)	0.511	3,279 (91.1)	434 (91.9)	0.544
IABP use	49 (1.0)	4 (0.7)	0.489	27 (1.9)	3 (2.6)	0.485	22 (0.6)	1 (0.2)	0.508
IVUS use	276 (5.5)	21 (3.6)	0.051	53 (3.7)	2 (1.7)	0.274	223 (6.2)	19 (4.0)	0.061
GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor use	792 (15.7)	85 (14.5)	0.429	256 (17.7)	21 (18.1)	0.919	536 (14.9)	64 (13.6)	0.442
Medication at discharge
Aspirin	4,993 (99.0)	568 (96.6)	<0.001	1,437 (99.5)	105 (90.5)	<0.001	3,556 (98.8)	463 (98.1)	0.195
Clopidogrel	4,963 (98.4)	573 (97.4)	0.086	1,427 (98.8)	109 (94.0)	<0.001	3,536 (98.6)	464 (98.3)	0.931
Statin	4,871 (96.6)	547 (93.0)	<0.001	1,395 (96.6)	96 (82.8)	<0.001	3,476 (96.6)	451 (95.6)	0.254
ACEI/ARB	2,742 (54.4)	272 (46.3)	<0.001	1,051 (72.8)	71 (61.2)	0.008	1,691 (47.0)	201 (42.6)	0.071
CCB	2,547 (50.5)	314 (53.4)	0.184	406 (28.1)	33 (28.4)	0.939	2,141 (59.5)	281 (59.5)	0.985

Values are presented as (%), , or median (IQR). ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; ARB: angiotensin II receptor antagonists; BMI: body mass index; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; CCB: calcium channel blockers; CCr: creatinine clearance; CK-MB: creatine kinase-MB; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IABP: intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation; IVUS: intravascular ultrasound; LAD: left anterior descending artery; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; PAD: peripheral vascular disease; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; SBP: systolic blood pressure; UA: unstable angina.