Patterns of Circadian Variation in 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Sympathetic Tone Correlate with Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Cluster Analysis

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the entire study population.

Variables	Values
Age, year
Male, (%)	373 (37.7)
DM, (%)	97 (9.8)
Hypertension, (%)	386 (39.0)
Dyslipidemia, (%)	213 (21.5)
History of MI, (%)	32 (3.2)
CVA, (%)	15 (1.5)
BMI, kg/m^2
History of smoking, (%)	107 (10.8)
LVEF, %
Laboratory findings
FBG, mmol/L
Insulin, pmol/L
HOMA-IR
T-C, mmol/L^a
HDL-C, mmol/L^a
LDL-C, mmol/L^a
Triglyceride, mmol/L^a
ApoA-I, mmol/L^b
ApoB, mmol/L^c
Mean 10-year ASCVD risk, %^†	7.6
Proportion of low risk (<7.5%) 10-year ASCVD, %^†	67.0
Proportion of high risk (≥7.5%) 10-year ASCVD, %^†	33.0

Data are expressed as (%) or . DM: diabetes mellitus; HTN: hypertension; MI: myocardial infarction; BMI: body mass index; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; FBG: fasting blood glucose; Insulin: fasting blood insulin; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; T-C: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Apo: apolipoprotein; ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. ^aTo convert to milligram per deciliter, divide by 0.0259. ^bTo convert to milligram per deciliter, divide by 0.0357. ^cTo convert to milligram per deciliter, divide by 0.0019. ^†According to the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, the cardiovascular risk score calculates the risk of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.