Molecular Signatures of Human Chronic Atrial Fibrillation in Primary Mitral Regurgitation

Table 1

Baseline patient demographics and hemodynamics.

Characteristic	Afib ()	SR ()	value
Age, years, (min-max)	(28-80)	(33-82)	0.098
Sex, male, (%)	4 (26.6)	5 (33.3)	0.8
BSA, m^2, (min-max)	(1.39-2.05)	(1.66-2.31)	0.341
Medical history
Smoking, (%)	7 (46.6)	8 (53.3)	0.9
COPD, (%)	5 (33.3)	4 (26.6)	0.8
Diabetes mellitus, (%)	3 (20)	4 (26.6)	0.20
CVD, (%)	4 (26.6)	1 (6.6)	0.134
Hypertension, (%)	11 (73.3)	4 (26.6)	0.015^★
Hyperlipidemia, (%)	8 (53.3)	5 (33.3)	0.148
Total cholesterol, mg/dl,			0.999
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl,			0.93
HDL cholesterol, mg/dl,			0.35
LVEDD, mm,			0.927
LVESD, mm,			0.748
DBP, mmHg,			0.07
LVEF, %,			0.964
Systolic PAP, mmHg,			0.008^★
LA diameter, mm,			<0.0001^★
NYHA, > class 2, (%)	10 (66.6)	9 (60)	0.3
Tricuspid regurgitation, > 2, (%)	6 (40)	2 (13.3)	<0.0001^★
Euroscore,			0.051
Logistic Euroscore, %,			0.07
Medications
Antihyperlipidemic, (%)	7 (46.6)	7 (46.6)	1
Digitalis, (%)	5 (33.3)	2 (13.3)	0.184
Calcium channel blocker, (%)	5 (33.3)	0 (0)	0.014^★
Beta blocker, (%)	11 (73.3)	10 (66.6)	0.621
ACE/ARB inhibitors, (%)	9 (60)	8 (53.3)	0.224

Data presented as . Student’s -test for paired comparisons. ^★ indicates significantly different values. AFib: atrial fibrillation; SR: sinus rhythm; BSA: body surface area; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD: cerebrovascular disease; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVESD: left ventricular end-systolic diameter; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; PAP: pulmonary artery pressure; LA: left atrium; NYHA: New York Heart Association; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blockers.