Review Article
The Entry and Egress of Monocytes in Atherosclerosis: A Biochemical and Biomechanical Driven Process
Table 2
Potential therapeutic approaches targeting plaque macrophages.
| Target | Method/drugs | Possible mechanisms | References |
| CCR2 | Nanoparticle-encapsulated siRNA | Reducing Lys6Chigh monocytes at the inflammation site and the inhibition of migration of bone marrow granulocyte macrophage progenitors into the blood | [145, 146] | Monoclonal antibodies: MLN-1202 | Reducing serum C-reactive protein and preventing egress of CCR2-sensitive monocytes from the bone marrow | [147] | Antagonist | Propagermanium | Selectively inhibiting CCR2-mediated monocytes migration without affecting CCL2/CCR2 binding or CCL2-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization | [148, 149] | TLK-19705 | A smaller but similar molecule like propagermanium | [149] | GSK1344386B | Selective CCR2 inhibition | [150] | PA508 | CCL2 mutant as a CCL2 competitor, combine with CCR2 without functionally activation | [151] |
| CCL2 | Antibodies | Inhibiting macrophage infiltration while bringing some potential side effects such as neovascularization disorders and impaired immune system function | [152] |
| CCR7 | Statins or bone marrow transplantation | Upregulating CCR7, promoting the egress of macrophages from the plaque, and helping it return to the lymphoid tissue | [154, 155] |
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