Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research

Research Article

What the CERAD Battery Can Tell Us about Executive Function as a Higher-Order Cognitive Faculty

Table 1

Descriptive statistics of the two cohorts, Mean (SD), or %.
CERAD ( 𝑁 = 4 6 0 )EPESE ( 𝑁 = 4 5 8 )
A g e ∗ 68.36 (8.0)79.44 (6.3)
E d u c a t i o n ∗ 13.69 (3.2)8.35 (4.0)
Sex (% female)65.9%62.4%,
Race ( % w h i t e ) ∗ 93.0%40.4%,
Word List Learning ( s u m o f 3 t r i a l s ) ∗ 20.66 (3.9)13.59 (4.5) ( 𝑁 = 4 0 1 )
Verbal F l u e n c y ∗ 17.66 (4.9)12.26 (4.4) ( 𝑁 = 3 8 9 )
Boston N a m i n g ∗ 14.41 (1.2)11.65 (2.3) ( 𝑁 = 3 8 9 )
Mini-Mental State E x a m ∗ 28.75 (1.5)21.75 (8.2)
MMSE-re d ∗ 23.92 (1.3)21.12 (3.1) ( 𝑁 = 3 7 3 )
WORLD- b a c k w a r d s ∗ 4.86 (0.5)3.54 (1.6) ( 𝑁 = 3 7 3 )
CP: Circles1.99 (0.1)1.96 (0.2) ( 𝑁 = 3 6 5 )
CP: D i a m o n d s ∗ 2.84 (0.4)2.53 (0.8) ( 𝑁 = 3 6 5 )
CP: R e c t a n g l e s ∗ 1.99 (0.1)1.87 (0.5) ( 𝑁 = 3 6 3 )
CP: C u b e s ∗ 3.18 (1.2)1.90 (1.3) ( 𝑁 = 3 5 9 )
Word List R e c a l l ∗ 7.07 (2.0) ( 𝑁 = 4 5 9 )4.07 (2.2) ( 𝑁 = 3 9 1 )
CP: Constructional Praxis; MMSE-red: MMSE total score without the WORLD backwards item; WORLD backwards: the WORLD backwards item score from the MMSE (the sum of MMSE-red and WORLD backwards gives the total MMSE score).
∗ I n d i c a t e s that the difference between these groups is statistically significant ( 𝑃 < . 0 0 1 ) after Bonferroni correction for multiple (15) comparisons. 𝑁 shows responses less than total sample size.