Prevalence and Determinants of Fall-Related Injuries among Older Adults in Ecuador

Table 1

Prevalence of fall-related injuries among older adults in Ecuador.

Characteristics	Number of subjects	% (95% CI)
Gender
Women	2,766	13.9 (12.2–15.8)
Men	2,466	8.5 (7.2–10.0)
Age groups, yrs
60–69	2,441	9.5 (8.0–11.3)
70–79	1,645	12.7 (10.7–15.2)
≥80	926	14.4 (11.7–17.7)
Area of residence
Rural	2,354	9.8 (8.4–11.4)
Urban	2,878	12.3 (10.7–14.0)
Race
Indian	530	15.0 (11.6–19.2)
Black	169	9.4 (5.6–15.5)
Mestizo	3,349	11.7 (11.2–13.4)
Mulatto	179	8.7 (4.8–15.0)
White	670	8.9 (6.7–11.8)
Living arrangements
Alone	547	15.4 (11.1–20.9)
Accompanied	4,684	11.0 (9.8–12.2)
BMI (Kg/m^2)
Underweight	163	10.9 (6.4–17.9)
Normal weight	2,045	10.4 (8.7–12.4)
Overweight	1,892	10.6 (8.8–12.6)
Obese	843	12.0 (9.2–15.5)
Alcohol use
None	4,167	12.2 (10.9–13.6)
1 day	939	7.2 (5.5–9.4)
≥2 days	123	19.3 (9.9–34.2)
Regular physical activity
No	3,573	12.1 (10.7–13.6)
Yes	1,657	10.1 (8.1–12.5)
GDS ≥ 6
No	2,633	9.6 (8.1–11.4)
Yes	1,153	14.5 (12.2–17.1)
Cognitive impairment
No	3,719	9.6 (8.4–10.9)
Yes	1,079	15.9 (13.0–19.2)
ADL’s limitations
No	3,771	9.9 (8.6–11.3)
Yes	1,454	15.6 (13.3–18.1)
Self-reported health
Excellent to good	1,197	8.1 (6.2–10.5)
Fair to poor	4,027	12.6 (11.2–14.1)
Urinary incontinence
No	4,041	9.5 (8.4–10.7)
Yes	1,169	17.7 (14.7–21.1)
Comorbidities
0	2,442	7.8 (6.5–9.4)
1	1,763	13.3 (11.3–15.6)
≥2	860	17.2 (14.1–20.8)
Grip strength (Kg/sec)
Q1 (1 to 15)	1,301	16.5 (14.0–19.3)
Q2 (16 to 20)	1,205	10.7 (8.5–13.4)
Q3 (21 to 27)	1,198	8.7 (6.9–11.0)
Q4 (28 to 97)	1,214	8.1 (6.1–10.7)
Chair stand test (sec)
Q1 (4 to 9)	1,187	9.8 (7.6–12.5)
Q2 (10 to 11)	1,041	8.4 (6.3–11.1)
Q3 (12 to 14)	1,073	7.7 (6.0–9.8)
Q4 (≥15)	919	14.0 (11.1–17.7)
Single leg stance (sec)
0 to 9 sec	2,147	10.1 (8.7–11.9)
10 sec	1,947	8.0 (6.5–9.8)

GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale; BMI: body mass index.