Research Article
Prevalence and Determinants of Fall-Related Injuries among Older Adults in Ecuador
Table 2
Characteristics of participants associated with fall-related injuries.
| | | Unadjusted OR
(95% CI) | Adjusted OR
(95% CI)a |
| | Age groups, yrs | | | | 60–69 | 1.00 | 1.00 | | 70–79 | 1.39 (1.37–1.40) | 1.37 (1.36–1.39) | | ≥80 | 1.60 (1.58–1.62) | 1.63 (1.60–1.65) | | Gender | | | | Men | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Women | 1.74 (1.72–1.76) | 1.79 (1.77–1.82) | | BMI (Kg/m2) | | | | Underweight | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Normal | 0.95 (0.92–0.99) | 0.94 (0.91–0.98) | | Overweight | 0.97 (0.93–1.00) | 0.96 (0.92–0.99) | | Obesity | 1.11 (1.07–1.16) | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | | Area of residence | | | | Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Urban | 1.29 (1.27–1.30) | 1.02 (1.02-1.02) | | Race | | | | Indian | 1.79 (1.75–1.84) | 1.87 (1.82–1.92) | | Black | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 1.35 (1.29–1.41) | | Mestizo | 1.35 (1.33–1.38) | 1.49 (1.46–1.52) | | Mulatto | 0.96 (0.93–1.00) | 0.79 (0.76–0.83) | | White | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Living arrangements | | | | Alone | 1.47 (1.45–1.50) | 1.35 (1.33–1.37) | | Accompanied | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Alcohol use | | | | None | 1.00 | 1.00 | | 1 day | 0.56 (0.55-0.56) | 0.80 (0.78–0.81) | | ≥2 days | 1.71 (1.66–1.77) | 2.54 (2.46–2.63) | | Regular physical activity | | | | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Yes | 0.81 (0.80–0.82) | 1.10 (1.09–1.12) | | GDS ≥ 6 | | | | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Yes | 1.58 (1.56–1.61) | 1.37 (1.35–1.39) | | Cognitive impairment | | | | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Yes | 1.78 (1.75–1.80) | 1.49 (1.46–1.51) | | ADL’s limitations | | | | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Yes | 1.68 (1.66–1.70) | 1.33 (0.64–0.68) | | Self-reported health | | | | Excellent to good | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Fair to poor | 1.63 (1.61–1.66) | 1.60 (1.57–1.62) | | Urinary incontinence | | | | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Yes | 2.05 (2.03–2.08) | 1.77 (1.75–1.79) | | Comorbidities | | | | 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | | 1 | 1.81 (1.78–1.83) | 1.52 (1.49–1.54) | | ≥2 | 2.44 (2.40–2.48) | 2.22 (2.19–2.26) | | Grip strength (Kg/sec) | | | | Q1 (1 to 15) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Q2 (16 to 20) | 0.60 (0.59–0.61) | 0.65 (0.64–0.66) | | Q3 (21 to 27) | 0.48 (0.47–0.49) | 0.61 (0.60–0.62) | | Q4 (28 to 97) | 0.44 (0.43–0.45) | 0.75 (0.74–0.77) | | Chair stand test (sec) | | | | Q1 (4 to 9) | 0.66 (0.65–0.67) | 0.80 (0.78–0.81) | | Q2 (10 to 11) | 0.56 (0.55–0.57) | 0.61 (0.60–0.63) | | Q3 (12 to 14) | 0.50 (0.49–0.51) | 0.53 (0.52–0.54) | | Q4 (≥15) | 1.00 | 1.00 | | Single leg stance (sec) | | | | 0 to 9 sec | 1.00 | 1.00 | | 10 sec | 0.76 (0.75–0.77) | 0.87 (0.86–0.88) |
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GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale; aadjusted for age, sex, and body mass index.
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