Muscle Functions and Functional Performance among Older Persons with and without Low Back Pain

Table 1

Demographic characteristics, pain intensity, functional performances, and muscle functions of the subjects ().

Characteristics	LBP ()		NLBP ()		ANOVA		Post hoc
	Male (A)	Female (B)	Male (C)	Female (D)	value	Cohen’s	value	Cohen’s
	()	()	()	()
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Age (years)					0.49	0.03	—	—
BMI (kg/m^2)					0.17	0.05	—	—
Waist circumference (cm)					0.53	0.03	—	—
Body fat compositions (%)					0.00	0.17
							Pain intensity					0.00	0.64
Lower limb function (reps)					0.04	0.09
							TUG (s)					0.01	0.11
Right hand grip strength (kg)					0.00	0.19
							Left hand grip strength (kg)					0.00	0.13
Abdominal strength (kg)					0.01	0.09
							Back muscle strength (kg)					0.00	0.15
TrA (mmHg)					0.30	0.04								—	—
Multifidus control (mmHg)					0.13	0.06	—	—

Comparisons were tested using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
mean difference is significant at the level of 0.05.