Balance as an Additional Effect of Strength and Flexibility Aquatic Training in Sedentary Lifestyle Elderly Women
Table 1
Muscle strength and flexibility before and after intervention.
Variable
AG
CG
Confidence interval
Pre-intervention
Post-intervention
Intragroup
Pre-intervention
Post-intervention
Intragroup
Intergroup
Effect size
Lower limit
Upper limit
Hip flexors strength (kgf)
14.3 ± 2.4
18.8 ± 2.3
<0.001
14.4 ± 2.5
14.6 ± 2.9
0.409
<0.001
−1.61
−2.48
−0.72
Knee extensors strength (kgf)
14.2 ± 2.7
18.2 ± 2.7
<0.001
14.7 ± 2.8
14.8 ± 2.6
0.542
<0.001
−1.28
−2.12
−0.44
Ankle flexors strength (kgf)
11.3 ± 1.5
14.2 ± 1.6
<0.001
11.5 ± 1.6
11.6 ± 1.9
0.565
<0.001
−1.48
−2.35
−0.61
Ankle extensors strength (kgf)
11.2 ± 1.3
14.2 ± 1.6
<0.001
11.9 ± 1.3
11.3 ± 1.5
0.611
<0.001
−1.87
−2.79
−0.95
Wrist-floor distance (cm)
34.7 ± 131.8
14.8 ± 8.4
<0.001
35.4 ± 15.0
35.8 ± 14.9
0.069
<0.001
1.77
0.86
2.68
: number of participants, mean ± standard deviation, intragroup p: statistical difference between pre-intervention and post-intervention periods in each group using Wilcoxon and T tests, intergroup : statistical difference between groups using Mann;–Whitney and T tests, effect size used Cohen test. AG: aquatic group, CG: control group.
