The Parallel Mediation Effects of Depression, Well-Being, and Social Activity on Physical Performance and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older People

Table 3

Mediating models and the effects of depression, well-being, and social activity on the relationship between physical performance and frailty.

Model	Variables			Effect of X on M	Effect of M on Y	Direct effect	Indirect effect	Total effect
	X	M	Y	A	B	c′	(ab) 95% CI	c=c′ + ab
1	Physical performance	Depression	Frailty	−0.34 se = 0.02	0.20 se = 0.01	−1.03 se = 0.01	−0.05 (−0.05∼−0.04)	−1.10 se = 0.01
2		Well-being		0.22 se = 0.01	−0.19 se = 0.02	−1.03 se = 0.01	−0.03 (−0.03∼−0.02)	−1.07 se = 0.01
3		Social activity		0.57 se = 0.02	−0.18 se = 0.01	−1.03 se = 0.01	−0.07 (−0.07∼−0.06)	−1.13 se = 0.01