| Frequency band | Study | Stimulus | Bit rate (bits/min) | | | Device | Shape | Frequency (Hz) | Color | |
| L | Wang et al. 2008 [7] | — | Square | 10 Hz | — | — | Ren et al. 2008 [40] | — | Square | 10 Hz | White/black | — | Touyama and Hirose, 2007 [41] | — | Cube | 4.80, 6.86 Hz | — | — | Touyama and Hirose, 2007 [42] | — | Cube | 4.80, 6.86 Hz | — | — | Beverina et al. 2003 [14] | — | Arrow | 6, 10 Hz | Green | — | Cheng and Gao, 1999 [13] | — | Block | 6–9 Hz | — | — |
| M | Cecotti and Graeser, 2008 [43] | LCD | Box | 15.5, 16, , 17.5 Hz | — | — | Kelly et al. 2005 [44] | CRT | Rectangle | 14, 17 Hz | White/black | 7.5 |
| L+M | Bin et al. 2009 [45] | LCD | Square | 6.5, 7.5, 8.6, 10, 12, 15 Hz | White/black | 58 | Wu et al. 2008 [9] | LCD and CRT | Square | 4.6, 10.8, 16.1 Hz | White/black | — | Wang et al. 2006 [46] | CRT | Button | 9–17 Hz | — | 43 | Nielsen et al. 2006 [47] | CRT | Square | 5.0, 7.08, 7.73, 8.5, 9.44, 10.63, 12.14, 14.16, 17.0 Hz | — | 21 | Kelly et al. 2005 [48] | CRT | Rectangle | 9.45, 10.63 Hz; 14.17, 17.01 Hz | White/black | — | Kelly et al. 2005 [49] | CRT | Rectangle | 10.03, 12.04 Hz | White/black | — | Wahnoun et al. 2002 [50] | — | Block | 5.000, 7.080, 7.727, 8.927, 11.087, 12.140, 12.750, 17.000, 21.250 Hz | White and a small light gray in the middle | — | Cheng et al. 2002 [51] | CRT | Button | 6–14 Hz | — | 27.15 | Cheng et al. 2001 [18] | — | Block | 6.45, 7.23, 8.01, 13.87 Hz | Red, green, and yellow | — |
| L+H | Sami and Nielsen, 2004 [52] | CRT | Rectangle | 8.8, 35 Hz | — | — |
| M+H | Lin et al. 2007 [53] | CRT | Squares | 27, 29, , 43 Hz | — | — |
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