Impact of Noise on a Dynamical System: Prediction and Uncertainties from a Swarm-Optimized Neural Network

Figure 8

Predictions and uncertainties from the stochastic ANN+PSO for the Mackey-Glass chaotic time series. This corresponds to the case with a white noise of . In the upper panel, the gray solid line draws the original Mackey-Glass noisy chaotic time series. The blue points with error bars correspond to the prediction and their uncertainties . For optimal display of the uncertainties, these are presented in the lower panel.