Effects of Between- and Within-Subject Variability on Autonomic Cardiorespiratory Activity during Sleep and Their Limitations on Sleep Staging: A Multilevel Analysis

<div>Q-Q plots of residual variance <svg height="11.927pt" id="M88" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.3302 11.927" width="14.3302pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M719 146L691 147C666 77 657 72 612 72H528C572 125 688 224 688 364C688 546 558 665 384 665C212 665 77 541 77 361C77 221 188 124 239 72H150C110 72 97 80 73 147L46 146L63 0H307L314 18C284 71 178 203 178 360C178 529 256 631 383 631C509 631 588 523 588 363C588 197 485 67 453 18L458 0H701L719 146Z" id="g113-153"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="757" vert-adv-y="757"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.841,3.132)"><path d="M398 365C398 411 356 451 297 451C250 451 198 430 151 397C65 336 24 230 24 139C24 14 97 -12 148 -12C198 -12 284 7 373 104L355 130C306 84 246 53 198 53C132 53 111 109 111 163V189C209 211 398 261 398 365ZM317 351C317 308 273 262 117 225C134 338 189 383 221 399C230 404 249 407 263 407C295 407 317 389 317 351Z" id="g50-102"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="422" vert-adv-y="422"></glyph.data></g></svg> of the multilevel models (Model #1) for the six cardiorespiratory parameters. These plots suggest approximate normal distributions of the residual variances.</div>

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

fig3

Figure 3

Figure 3: Effects of Between- and Within-Subject Variability on Autonomic Cardiorespiratory Activity during Sleep and Their Limitations on Sleep Staging: A Multilevel Analysis 

Figure 3 | Effects of Between- and Within-Subject Variability on Autonomic Cardiorespiratory Activity during Sleep and Their Limitations on Sleep Staging: A Multilevel Analysis 