Memetic Differential Evolution with an Improved Contraction Criterion

Table 1

Comparison of Mean Error and standard deviation between MDE and other six EAs over 25 independent runs on twenty-one 10-dimensional test functions.

Prob	CLPSO	GL-25	CMA-ES	LBBO	SFLSDE	L-SHADE	MDE
				=
F02				=	=	=
F03				=		=
F05
F06				=	=	=
F07				=
F08			=	=
F10
F11
F12
F13				=
F14
F15
F16	=
F18						=
F19					=
F20
F21	=
F22		=		=	=	=
F23				=	=
−	15	16	17	7	8	8
+	4	4	3	5	8	8
=	2	1	1	9	5	5

indicates that when six algorithms obtain the global optimum, the intermediate results are reported at NFEs = 10000. “−,” “+,” and “=” denote that the performance of this algorithm is, respectively, worse than, better than, and similar to MDE according to the Wilcoxon signed-rank test at .