Research Article
A Grey Wolf Optimizer for Modular Granular Neural Networks for Human Recognition
Table 28
Values of ORL database (test #2).
| Method | | Mean | Standard deviation | Error standard deviation of the mean | Estimated difference | -value | value | Degrees of freedom |
| Azami et al. [43] (CGA + PCA) | 5 | 95.91 | 0.409 | 0.18 | −2.590 | −8.96 | | 8 | Proposed method | 5 | 98.50 | 0.500 | 0.22 |
| Ch’Ng et al. [3] (PCA + LDA) | 4 | 94.75 | 1.19 | 0.60 | −3.750 | −5.90 | 0.004 | 3 | Proposed method | 5 | 98.50 | 0.500 | 0.22 |
| Sánchez et al. [38] (FA) | 5 | 98.30 | 0.447 | 0.20 | −0.20 | −0.67 | 0.523 | 8 | Proposed method | 5 | 98.50 | 0.500 | 0.22 |
| Sánchez et al. [39] (MGNNs + complexity) | 5 | 97.59 | 1.71 | 0.76 | −0.94 | −1.15 | 0.314 | 4 | Proposed method | 5 | 98.50 | 0.500 | 0.22 |
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