Research Article

A Seasonal Time-Series Model Based on Gene Expression Programming for Predicting Financial Distress

Table 4

Definition and formulate of variable [25].

Financial ratiosFormulateVariables

ROA (A) before tax interest(Continued operating profit and loss + interest expense (1–17%))/total average assets 100 (%)

ROA (B) before tax interest depreciation beforePretax interest before depreciation recurring net profit/total assets 100 (%)

ROA (C) pretax interest before depreciationPretax interest before depreciation recurring net profit/total assets 100 (%)

ROE (A) after taxContinue business unit profit and loss/average net 100

Operating Expense RatioOperating expenses/net operating income 100 (%)

Cash flow ratioCash flow/current Liabilities from operations 100 (%)

Cash flow per share(Cash flows from operations − dividends issued by special units)/weighted average number of shares

Turnover per share (yuan)Net operating income/(ordinary share capital + special share capital + share dividends to be distributed − treasury shares denomination) denomination

Revenue growth rate(Net operating income − net operating income for the same period of previous year)/ABS (net operating income for the same period of previous year) 100 (%)

Pretax net profit growth(Net profit before tax − net profit before tax for the same period of previous year)/ABS (net profit before tax for the same period of previous year) 100 (%)

Total assets growth rate(Total assets − total assets of the same period of last year)/ABS (total assets of same period of previous year) 100 (%)

Current ratioCurrent assets/current liabilities 100 (%)

Quick ratio(Cash and cash equivalents + financial assets at fair value through profit or loss − current + available-for-sale financial assets − current + held-to-maturity financial assets − current + hedged derivative financial assets − current + measured financial assets − floating + bond investments with no market-floating + accounts receivable & notes + other receivables + loans to others − mobility)/current liabilities 100 (%)

Debt ratio%Total liabilities/total assets 100 (%)

Net worth/assetsShareholders’ equity/total assets 100 (%)

The total number of assets turnoverRestore full year revenue/average total assets

Accounts receivable turnover timesRestore full year revenue/average accounts receivable and bills

Inventory turnover (times)Operating costs/average inventory

Fixed asset turnover timesRestore full year revenue/average real estate plant and equipment

Working capital to total assets ratio(Current assets − current liabilities)/total assets

EBIT to total assets ratioPretax interest before net interest/total assets

Cash flow to total liability ratioNet cash flow-operating/total liabilities 100%

Liquidity ratioCurrent assets/total assets

Cash/total assetsCash/total assets

Current liabilities/total assetsCurrent liabilities/total assets

Fixed Assets/liabilities and shareholders’ equityReal estate plant and equipment/liabilities and shareholders’ equity

Shareholders’ equity/total assetsTotal shareholders’ equity/total assets

Total liabilitiesCurrent liabilities + noncurrent liabilities

Net profit after taxConsolidated profit/loss/net income 100 (%)

Pretax net profit marginNet profit before tax/net operating income 100

Operating marginOperating margin/net operating income 100%

Operating profit marginOperating profit/net operating income 100

ROE (B) - regular gain(Continued operating unit profit or loss − gain on cheap purchases − disposal of property, plant, and equipment benefits + disposal of real estate, plant, and equipment losses − disposal of investment benefits + disposal of investment losses − gains or losses on financial assets (liabilities) measured at fair value through profit or loss + financial assets (liabilities) loss measured at fair value − asset evaluation benefit + asset evaluation loss − rotation interest deduction of financial assets + losses from impairment of financial assets − rotation interest of assets impairment + losses of assets impairment)/ABS (total shareholders’ equity in the period + shareholders total equity) 2 100 (%)

EPS/total assetsEPS/total assets

Health: P; distress: NAsset earning power = earnings before taxes (EBT)/total assetsClass