Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Last-Eliminated Principle and Enhanced Information Sharing

Table 1

11 test functions.

No.	Test function	S	CF
f1	Sphere: [10]	[−100,100]^D	0
f2	Schaffer: [33]	[−100,100]^D	0
f3	Step: [10]	[−100,100]^D	0
f4	SumSquares: [10]	[−10,10]^D	0
f5	Zakharov: [10]	[−100,100]^D	0
f6	Griewank: [10]	[−600,600]^D	0
f7	Rastrigin: [10]	[−5.12,5.12]^D	0
f8	Alpine: [6]	[−10,10]^D	0
f9	Shubert:	[−10,10]^D	−186.731
f10	Ackley: [10]	[−32,32]^D	0
f11	Cmfun:	[−500,500]	−837.966