Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Last-Eliminated Principle and Enhanced Information Sharing

Table 3

Multimodal test functions.

Functions	Criteria	C3 = 2	C3 = 2∼0 k = −1	C3 = 2∼0 k = 1
f6	Mean	1.10	8.18E − 02	4.92E − 02
	SD	4.6E − 03	8.37E − 04	5.96E − 04
	Best	0.96	4.33E − 02	1.23E − 02
f7	Mean	35.03	4.10	1.9Ee − 04
	SD	8.44	2.5461	5.649
	Best	29.67	2.057	2.25E − 05
f8	Mean	2.93	1.33E − 03	5.28E − 10
	SD	0.30	3.10E − 08	2.23E − 12
	Best	2.02	1.34E − 05	5.83E − 13
f9	Mean	−186.7295	−186.7309	−186.7309
	SD	1.20E − 06	0	0
	Best	−186.7307	−186.7309	−186.7309
f10	Mean	7.649	2.35E − 04	1.84E − 11
	SD	0.415	4.39E − 09	2.27E − 22
	Best	6.513	5.73E − 05	2.50E − 12
f11	Mean	−837.9658	−837.9658	−837.9658
	SD	4.50E − 09	0	4.40E − 09
	Best	−837.9658	−837.9658	−837.9658