Optimal Synthesis of Four-Bar Linkage Path Generation through Evolutionary Computation with a Novel Constraint Handling Technique

Table 1

Comparative results for Case 1 with a novel path repairing technique.

Case 1: path generation without prescribed timing
Parameters	ABC	JADE	PBIL	TLBO	ACOR	GWO	SCA
	39.7861	52.4762	53.7995	57.9042	59.4760	33.4305	28.3704
	10.1505	14.3110	9.4303	8.5359	9.1050	9.8739	5.8563
	50.4447	48.0989	44.1070	20.5846	51.8860	38.5048	60.0000
	35.2568	47.5363	46.5599	55.5223	20.4784	53.3193	38.7556
	45.1511	30.2155	47.8722	5.0306	−6.9474	37.5632	60.0000
	7.2885	−14.8707	32.8201	35.6648	−21.9732	−10.3487	−60.0000
	50.7782	11.7094	60.0000	47.0842	−8.8106	−5.2992	−60.0000
	−0.9366	−3.1269	−8.8920	12.5554	28.8944	59.6847	60.0000
	82.2709	51.1387	45.4292	355.3772	96.7425	234.8353	0.0000
	288.6774	313.0937	352.6949	9.4470	276.1848	334.3267	0.0000
	18.7094	338.5807	24.3156	23.8648	298.9037	5.9786	71.2728
	39.4220	359.8582	29.9612	37.4934	337.6217	31.4398	86.9490
	57.0069	18.5113	56.1299	51.6572	358.4935	61.3596	103.9052
	75.0134	44.8517	73.4859	67.9991	33.9200	90.2248	130.0967
	103.2820	85.9854	136.6204	91.0354	57.5750	139.0187	166.4231
Min	0.6374	1.8255	6.7539	0.0010	49.1961	0.3271	42.5282
Mean	4.1297	7.5933	20.0681	0.3705	73.1582	8.5501	144.5432
Max	11.9015	17.0022	47.5797	2.7424	101.7039	94.4204	391.5969
Std	2.7684	3.4092	10.1640	0.6667	16.1132	17.0012	94.5604
Error	0.2380	0.4502	0.8232	0.0122	2.6807	0.2107	2.6387
Success	30	30	30	30	30	30	30

Success = number of successful runs.