Forecasting Short-Term Traffic Flow by Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Network with Parameters Optimized by Biogeography-Based Optimization Algorithm

Algorithm 3

Pseudocode of the improved BBO.

	Set the initial parameters: ps (population size); (tolerance), G (generation) and limit
	Generate the population Pop with ps habitats randomly
	Evaluate the HSI (fitness) for each habitat in Pop
	Gen = 0
	While the stopping criteria are not satisfied do
	Gen = Gen + 1
	Sort all the habitats according to their HSI
	Calculate the immigration rate and emigration rate
	Randomly sort all the solutions
	Perform migration operator RMO
	Perform mutation operator
	Assure that each habitat legal based on boundary constraints
	Assess the HSI (fitness) for trial habitat in the new population Pop
	For i = 1 to ps
	If
	,
	Else
	End If
	End For
	If mod(Gen, G) = 0 do
	Calculate according to Powell’s method
	Randomly choose
	Perform Powell’s procedure with as starting point and obtain point y.
	Use y to replace the worst habitat in the population
	End If
	If limit
	Replace with a randomly generated solution
	End If
	End While