An Enhanced Lightning Attachment Procedure Optimization with Quasi-Opposition-Based Learning and Dimensional Search Strategies

Table 5

Statistical results obtained by different algorithms through 10 independent runs for unimodal benchmark functions at .

Function		ELAPO	LAPO	SSA	Jaya	IBB-BC	ODE1	ALO
F1	Mean	7.5637E − 200	5.6012E − 27	1.1428E − 07	2.2752E − 03	1.3687E − 02	1.0558E − 10	4.4514E − 01
	Std	0.0000E + 00	8.4361E − 27	4.8364E − 08	8.0246E − 04	1.5007E − 02	3.2551E − 10	7.8851E − 01
F2	Mean	6.6667E − 01	6.6667E − 01	9.4666E − 01	1.5883E + 00	1.9627E + 00	8.2956E − 01	1.9322E + 00
	Std	1.1703E − 16	2.6825E − 15	9.0549E − 01	1.4893E + 00	3.0291E + 00	3.4162E − 01	1.6808E + 00
F3	Mean	0.0000E + 00	0.0000E + 00	4.8854E − 11	1.0043E − 06	9.5870E − 01	0.0000E + 00	1.1247E − 11
	Std	0.0000E + 00	0.0000E + 00	2.4693E − 11	3.2914E − 07	1.6557E − 02	6.3238E − 16	5.3013E − 12
F4	Mean	1.8129E − 180	3.6621E − 22	1.4830E − 03	1.5201E + 01	3.1383E + 06	4.6192E − 08	2.4627E + 06
	Std	0.0000E + 00	9.1437E − 22	1.3430E − 03	5.5752E + 00	1.5412E + 06	9.0067E − 08	1.2642E + 06
F5	Mean	8.6010E − 05	3.3511E − 04	1.4931E − 01	6.6240E − 02	1.1173E − 02	4.5462E − 02	5.6409E − 02
	Std	8.9264E − 05	2.3261E − 04	4.1331E − 02	8.9128E − 03	1.7186E − 03	1.1837E − 02	2.0886E − 02
F6	Mean	1.8767E + 00	1.3696E + 01	6.0642E + 01	9.2536E + 01	1.6858E + 02	5.2937E + 01	1.6217E + 02
	Std	8.1532E − 01	9.9927E − 01	3.5585E + 01	4.5618E + 01	2.2938E + 02	2.9763E + 01	1.6493E + 02
F7	Mean	2.5280E − 188	1.3524E − 25	9.7179E − 06	2.7516E − 01	7.1328E − 01	5.3976E − 10	1.7832E + 01
	Std	0.0000E + 00	1.3883E − 25	5.6762E − 06	1.1147E − 01	9.4554E − 01	1.2392E − 09	2.0860E + 01
F8	Mean	5.2137E − 83	8.3427E − 13	2.6260E + 00	6.9426E + 00	1.6891E − 01	7.1509E + 00	8.1078E + 00
	Std	8.6122E − 83	5.5630E − 13	6.1185E − 01	3.4493E + 00	1.3435E − 01	3.2087E + 00	2.2939E + 00
F9	Mean	3.6582E − 104	6.5210E − 15	1.9378E − 04	7.0569E − 02	5.0370E − 02	7.7739E − 07	3.4909E + 01
	Std	5.3056E − 104	1.4104E − 14	5.6284E − 05	2.2004E − 02	2.9201E − 02	3.0011E − 07	4.8480E + 01
F10	Mean	8.1828E − 195	5.8616E − 27	1.0567E − 06	1.9651E − 02	3.5197E − 04	1.5345E − 11	6.6424E − 07
	Std	0.0000E + 00	8.6367E − 27	8.7349E − 07	6.2693E − 03	1.4587E − 04	1.5332E − 11	5.6633E − 07
F11	Mean	0.0000E + 00	1.4564E − 103	1.3567E − 41	3.4416E − 13	6.3934E − 08	9.7599E − 13	1.3755E − 07
	Std	0.0000E + 00	3.7807E − 103	3.3385E − 41	7.5948E − 13	6.9210E − 08	2.3650E − 12	9.0853E − 08