An Improved Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm Using the Heuristical Normal Distribution and Direction-Based Crossover

Table 1

Substitution operation.

X	1	2	3	X1	1	2	3	Y	2.3	4.6	−2.6	X′	1	2	3
	2	5	6		2	5	6		4	3.1	−2.5		2	5	6
	3	6	7		3	6	7		−3.1	4.8	3.6		3	6	7
	1	2	3		2.5	3.1	6.3		1.5	−2.4	4.5		2.5	3.1	6.3
	2.5	3.1	6.3		7.5	−6.5	8.6						7.5	−6.5	8.6
	7.5	−6.5	8.6		3.3	6.2	−4.8						3.3	6.2	−4.8
	3.3	6.2	−4.8										2.3	4.6	−2.6
	2	5	6										4	3.1	−2.5
	7.5	−6.5	8.6										−3.1	4.8	3.6
	2	5	6										1.5	−2.4	4.5