A Systematic and Meta-Analysis Survey of Whale Optimization Algorithm

Algorithm 2

BAT algorithm pseudocode.

	Objective function
	Initialize the bat individuals
	Set pulse frequency at
	Initialize pulse rates and the loudness
	While (t < maximum number of iterations)
	Generate new solution by adjusting frequency and updating velocities and locations/solutions (Equations (2)–(4))
	if (rand > )
	Select a solution among the best solutions
	Generate a local solution around the selected best solution
	End if
	Generate a new solution by flying randomly
	If (rand < & )
	Accept the new solutions
	Increase and decrease
	End if
	Rank the bats and find the current best
	End while