Research Article

A Hybrid Pathfinder Optimizer for Unconstrained and Constrained Optimization Problems

Figure 1

The mean best function value profiles of HPFA, PFA, DE, PSO, and CPSO. (a) (f1), (b) (f2), (c) (f3), (d) (f4), (e) (f5), (f) (f6), (g) (f7), (h) (f8), (i) (f9), (j) (f10), (k) (f11), (l) (f12), (m) (f13), (n) (f14), (o) (f15), (p) (f16), (q) (f17), (r) (f18), (s) (f19), (t) (f20), (u) (f21), (v) (f22), (w) (f23), and (x) (f24).
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