A Hybrid Pathfinder Optimizer for Unconstrained and Constrained Optimization Problems

Table 15

Comparison of statistical results obtained from various algorithms for constrained problem 3.

Methods	Mean	SD	Best	Worst	FEs
HPFA	−0.999956	1.827886E − 05	−0.999989	−0.999918	100000
WCA	−0.999806	1.910000E − 04	−0.999981	−0.999171	103900
PSO	−1.004879	1.000000E + 00	−1.004986	−1.004269	140100
PSO-DE	−1.005010	3.800000E − 12	−1.005010	−1.005010	140100
DE	−1.025200	NA	−1.025200	−1.025200	8000000