A Hybrid Pathfinder Optimizer for Unconstrained and Constrained Optimization Problems

Table 24

Comparison of the best solution obtained from the previous algorithms for the tension compression spring problem.

DV	WCA	HPFA	CPSO	GA3
x1	0.051680	0.051536	0.051728	0.051989
x2	0.356522	0.353035	0.357644	0.363965
x3	11.300410	11.508944	11.244543	10.890522
	−1.650000E − 13	−1.23442E − 05	−8.250000E − 04	−1.260000E − 03
	−7.900000E − 14	−3.65699E − 05	−2.520000E − 05	−2.540000E − 05
	−4.053399	−4.046190	−4.051306	−4.061337
	−0.727864	−0.730286	−0.727085	−0.722697
f(x)	0.012665	0.012667	0.012674	0.012681