Research Article

Dynamic Multi-Swarm Differential Learning Quantum Bird Swarm Algorithm and Its Application in Random Forest Classification Model

Table 10

Comparison of numerical testing results on CEC2014 test sets (F1–F15, Dim = 10).

FunctionTermBSADEDMSDL-PSODMSDL-BSADMSDL-QBSA

F1Max2.7411E + 083.6316E + 096.8993E + 083.9664E + 089.6209E + 08
Min1.4794E + 073.1738E + 091.3205E + 061.6929E + 051.7687E + 05
Mean3.1107E + 073.2020E + 096.7081E + 061.3567E + 061.9320E + 06
Var1.2900E + 074.0848E + 072.6376E + 071.0236E + 071.3093E + 07

F2Max8.7763E + 091.3597E + 101.3515E + 101.6907E + 101.7326E + 10
Min1.7455E + 091.1878E + 103.6982E + 042.1268E + 051.4074E + 05
Mean1.9206E + 091.1951E + 101.7449E + 085.9354E + 074.8412E + 07
Var1.9900E + 081.5615E + 089.2365E + 085.1642E + 084.2984E + 08

F3Max4.8974E + 058.5863E + 042.6323E + 062.4742E + 065.3828E + 06
Min1.1067E + 041.4616E + 041.8878E + 031.2967E + 036.3986E + 02
Mean1.3286E + 041.4976E + 041.0451E + 043.5184E + 033.0848E + 03
Var6.5283E + 031.9988E + 034.5736E + 044.1580E + 048.0572E + 04

F4Max3.5252E + 039.7330E + 034.5679E + 034.9730E + 034.3338E + 03
Min5.0446E + 028.4482E + 034.0222E + 024.0843E + 024.1267E + 02
Mean5.8061E + 028.5355E + 034.4199E + 024.3908E + 024.3621E + 02
Var1.4590E + 021.3305E + 021.6766E + 021.2212E + 028.5548E + 01

F5Max5.2111E + 025.2106E + 025.2075E + 025.2098E + 025.2110E + 02
Min5.2001E + 025.2038E + 025.2027E + 025.2006E + 025.2007E + 02
Mean5.2003E + 025.2041E + 025.2033E + 025.2014E + 025.2014E + 02
Var7.8380E − 025.7620E − 025.6433E − 021.0577E − 019.9700E − 02

F6Max6.1243E + 026.1299E + 026.1374E + 026.1424E + 026.1569E + 02
Min6.0881E + 026.1157E + 026.0514E + 026.0288E + 026.0257E + 02
Mean6.0904E + 026.1164E + 026.0604E + 026.0401E + 026.0358E + 02
Var2.5608E − 011.2632E − 011.0434E + 001.1717E + 001.3117E + 00

F7Max8.7895E + 021.0459E + 039.1355E + 021.0029E + 039.3907E + 02
Min7.4203E + 021.0238E + 037.0013E + 027.0081E + 027.0069E + 02
Mean7.4322E + 021.0253E + 037.1184E + 027.0332E + 027.0290E + 02
Var4.3160E + 002.4258E + 002.8075E + 011.5135E + 011.3815E + 01

F8Max8.9972E + 029.1783E + 029.6259E + 029.2720E + 029.3391E + 02
Min8.4904E + 028.8172E + 028.3615E + 028.1042E + 028.0877E + 02
Mean8.5087E + 028.8406E + 028.5213E + 028.1888E + 028.1676E + 02
Var2.1797E + 004.4494E + 008.6249E + 009.2595E + 009.7968E + 00

F9Max1.0082E + 039.9538E + 021.0239E + 031.0146E + 031.0366E + 03
Min9.3598E + 029.6805E + 029.2725E + 029.2062E + 029.1537E + 02
Mean9.3902E + 029.7034E + 029.4290E + 029.2754E + 029.2335E + 02
Var3.4172E + 003.2502E + 008.1321E + 009.0492E + 009.3860E + 00

F10Max3.1087E + 033.5943E + 033.9105E + 033.9116E + 033.4795E + 03
Min2.2958E + 032.8792E + 031.5807E + 031.4802E + 031.4316E + 03
Mean1.8668E + 032.9172E + 031.7627E + 031.6336E + 031.6111E + 03
Var3.2703E + 016.1787E + 012.2359E + 021.9535E + 022.2195E + 02

F11Max3.6641E + 033.4628E + 034.0593E + 033.5263E + 033.7357E + 03
Min2.4726E + 032.8210E + 031.7855E + 031.4012E + 031.2811E + 03
Mean2.5553E + 032.8614E + 031.8532E + 031.5790E + 031.4869E + 03
Var8.4488E + 015.6351E + 011.3201E + 022.1085E + 022.6682E + 02

F12Max1.2044E + 031.2051E + 031.2053E + 031.2055E + 031.2044E + 03
Min1.2006E + 031.2014E + 031.2004E + 031.2003E + 031.2017E + 03
Mean1.2007E + 031.2017E + 031.2007E + 031.2003E + 031.2018E + 03
Var1.4482E − 013.5583E − 012.5873E − 012.4643E − 012.1603E − 01

F13Max1.3049E + 031.3072E + 031.3073E + 031.3056E + 031.3061E + 03
Min1.3005E + 031.3067E + 031.3009E + 031.3003E + 031.3004E + 03
Mean1.3006E + 031.3068E + 031.3011E + 031.3005E + 031.3006E + 03
Var3.2018E − 015.0767E − 024.2173E − 013.6570E − 012.9913E − 01

F14Max1.4395E + 031.4565E + 031.4775E + 031.4749E + 031.4493E + 03
Min1.4067E + 031.4522E + 031.4009E + 031.4003E + 031.4005E + 03
Mean1.4079E + 031.4529E + 031.4024E + 031.4008E + 031.4009E + 03
Var2.1699E + 006.3013E − 015.3198E + 003.2578E + 002.8527E + 00

F15Max5.4068E + 043.3586E + 044.8370E + 054.0007E + 051.9050E + 05
Min1.9611E + 032.1347E + 041.5029E + 031.5027E + 031.5026E + 03
Mean1.9933E + 032.2417E + 042.7920E + 031.5860E + 031.5816E + 03
Var6.1622E + 021.2832E + 031.7802E + 044.4091E + 032.7233E + 03