Dynamic Multi-Swarm Differential Learning Quantum Bird Swarm Algorithm and Its Application in Random Forest Classification Model

Table 5

Comparison on nine unimodal functions with hybrid algorithms (Dim = 2).

Function	Term	BSA	DE	DMSDL-PSO	DMSDL-BSA	DMSDL-QBSA
	Max	1.8411E + 02	3.4713E + 02	2.9347E + 02	1.6918E + 02	1.6789E + 00
	Min	0	5.7879E − 01	0	0	3.2988E − 238
	Mean	5.5890E − 02	1.1150E + 00	1.6095E − 01	3.6580E − 02	4.2590E − 03
	Var	2.6628E + 00	5.7218E + 00	5.4561E + 00	2.0867E + 00	7.5858E − 02
	Max	2.2980E + 00	2.1935E + 00	3.2363E + 00	3.1492E + 00	1.1020E + 00
	Min	5.5923E − 266	8.2690E − 02	2.9096E − 242	3.4367E − 241	0
	Mean	9.2769E − 04	9.3960E − 02	7.4900E − 03	1.2045E − 03	2.1565E − 04
	Var	3.3310E − 02	6.9080E − 02	4.0100E − 02	4.2190E − 02	1.3130E − 02
	Max	1.0647E + 02	1.3245E + 02	3.6203E + 02	2.3793E + 02	1.3089E + 02
	Min	0	5.9950E − 01	0	0	0
	Mean	2.3040E − 02	8.5959E − 01	2.5020E − 01	6.3560E − 02	1.7170E − 02
	Var	1.2892E + 00	2.8747E + 00	7.5569E + 00	2.9203E + 00	1.3518E + 00
	Max	1.7097E + 02	6.1375E + 01	6.8210E + 01	5.9141E + 01	1.4726E + 01
	Min	1.6325E − 21	4.0940E − 02	8.2726E − 13	3.4830E − 25	0
	Mean	2.2480E − 02	9.3940E − 02	1.5730E − 02	1.1020E − 02	1.4308E − 02
	Var	1.7987E + 00	7.4859E − 01	7.6015E − 01	6.4984E − 01	2.7598E − 01
	Max	1.5719E + 02	2.2513E + 02	3.3938E + 02	1.8946E + 02	8.7078E + 01
	Min	0	7.0367E − 01	0	0	0
	Mean	3.4380E − 02	1.8850E + 00	1.7082E − 01	5.0090E − 02	1.1880E − 02
	Var	1.9018E + 00	5.6163E + 00	5.9868E + 00	2.4994E + 00	9.1749E − 01
	Max	1.5887E − 01	1.5649E − 01	1.5919E − 01	1.3461E − 01	1.0139E − 01
	Min	2.5412E − 05	4.5060E − 04	5.9140E − 05	4.1588E − 05	7.3524E − 06
	Mean	2.3437E − 04	1.3328E − 03	6.0989E − 04	2.3462E − 04	9.2394E − 05
	Var	2.4301E − 03	3.6700E − 03	3.5200E − 03	1.9117E − 03	1.4664E − 03
	Max	3.5804E + 00	2.8236E + 00	1.7372E + 00	2.7513E + 00	1.9411E + 00
	Min	0	7.6633E − 03	0	0	0
	Mean	8.5474E − 04	1.6590E − 02	8.6701E − 04	7.6781E − 04	3.1439E − 04
	Var	4.4630E − 02	6.0390E − 02	2.4090E − 02	3.7520E − 02	2.2333E − 02
	Max	4.3247E + 00	2.1924E + 00	5.3555E + 00	3.3944E + 00	5.5079E − 01
	Min	0	8.6132E − 03	0	0	0
	Mean	1.1649E − 03	1.9330E − 02	1.7145E − 03	7.3418E − 04	6.9138E − 05
	Var	5.9280E − 02	4.7800E − 02	7.5810E − 02	4.1414E − 02	5.7489E − 03
	Max	2.7030E − 02	3.5200E − 02	1.7240E − 02	4.0480E − 02	2.5230E − 02
	Min	0	5.0732E − 03	0	0	0
	Mean	6.1701E − 05	6.2500E − 03	8.8947E − 04	8.4870E − 05	2.7362E − 05
	Var	7.6990E − 04	1.3062E − 03	2.0400E − 03	9.6160E − 04	5.5610E − 04