Dynamic Multi-Swarm Differential Learning Quantum Bird Swarm Algorithm and Its Application in Random Forest Classification Model

Table 8

Comparison on 8 unimodal functions with popular algorithms (Dim = 10, FEs = 100000).

Function	Term	GWO	WOA	SCA	GOA	SSA	DMSDL-QBSA
	Max	1.3396E + 04	1.4767E + 04	1.3310E + 04	2.0099E + 01	4.8745E + 03	9.8570E − 01
	Min	0	0	4.2905E − 293	8.6468E − 17	0	0
	Mean	3.5990E + 00	4.7621E + 00	1.4014E + 02	7.0100E − 02	4.5864E + 00	1.0483E − 04
	Var	1.7645E + 02	2.0419E + 02	8.5054E + 02	4.4200E − 01	1.4148E + 02	9.8725E − 03
	Max	3.6021E + 02	2.5789E + 03	6.5027E + 01	9.3479E + 01	3.4359E + 01	3.2313E − 01
	Min	0	0	9.8354E − 192	2.8954E − 03	2.4642E − 181	0
	Mean	5.0667E − 02	2.9480E − 01	4.0760E − 01	3.1406E + 00	1.7000E − 02	1.1278E − 04
	Var	3.7270E + 00	2.6091E + 01	2.2746E + 00	3.9264E + 00	5.4370E − 01	4.8000E − 03
	Max	1.8041E + 04	1.6789E + 04	2.4921E + 04	6.5697E + 03	1.1382E + 04	4.0855E + 01
	Min	0	1.0581E − 18	7.6116E − 133	2.8796E − 01	3.2956E − 253	1.5918E − 264
	Mean	7.4511E + 00	2.8838E + 02	4.0693E + 02	4.8472E + 02	9.2062E + 00	4.8381E − 03
	Var	2.6124E + 02	1.4642E + 03	1.5913E + 03	7.1786E + 02	2.9107E + 02	4.1383E − 01
	Max	2.1812E + 09	5.4706E + 09	8.4019E + 09	1.1942E + 09	4.9386E + 08	7.5188E + 01
	Min	4.9125E + 00	3.5695E + 00	5.9559E + 00	2.2249E + 02	4.9806E + 00	2.9279E − 13
	Mean	4.9592E + 05	2.4802E + 06	4.4489E + 07	5.0021E + 06	3.3374E + 05	2.4033E − 02
	Var	2.9484E + 07	1.1616E + 08	4.5682E + 08	3.9698E + 07	1.1952E + 07	9.7253E − 01
	Max	1.8222E + 04	1.5374E + 04	1.5874E + 04	1.2132E + 03	1.6361E + 04	1.8007E + 00
	Min	1.1334E − 08	8.3228E − 09	2.3971E − 01	2.7566E − 10	2.6159E − 16	1.0272E − 33
	Mean	5.1332E + 00	5.9967E + 00	1.2620E + 02	5.8321E + 01	8.8985E + 00	2.3963E − 04
	Var	2.3617E + 02	2.3285E + 02	8.8155E + 02	1.0872E + 02	2.9986E + 02	1.8500E − 02
	Max	7.4088E + 00	8.3047E + 00	8.8101E + 00	6.8900E − 01	4.4298E + 00	2.5787E − 01
	Min	1.8112E − 05	3.9349E − 05	4.8350E − 05	8.9528E − 02	4.0807E − 05	1.0734E − 04
	Mean	1.8333E − 03	3.2667E − 03	4.8400E − 02	9.3300E − 02	2.1000E − 03	5.2825E − 04
	Var	9.4267E − 02	1.0077E − 01	2.9410E − 01	3.5900E − 02	6.5500E − 02	4.6000E − 03
	Max	7.3626E + 02	6.8488E + 02	8.0796E + 02	3.9241E + 02	8.2036E + 02	1.4770E + 01
	Min	0	0	1.9441E − 292	7.9956E − 07	0	0
	Mean	2.0490E − 01	2.8060E − 01	4.9889E + 00	1.6572E + 01	2.7290E − 01	1.8081E − 03
	Var	9.5155E + 00	1.0152E + 01	3.5531E + 01	2.3058E + 01	1.0581E + 01	1.6033E − 01
	Max	1.2749E + 03	5.9740E + 02	3.2527E + 02	2.3425E + 02	2.0300E + 02	2.0423E + 01
	Min	0	4.3596E − 35	1.5241E − 160	3.6588E − 05	1.0239E − 244	0
	Mean	3.1317E − 01	1.0582E + 01	1.0457E + 01	1.2497E + 01	2.1870E − 01	2.6947E − 03
	Var	1.4416E + 01	4.3485E + 01	3.5021E + 01	2.5766E + 01	6.2362E + 00	2.1290E − 01