An Efficient Combination among sMRI, CSF, Cognitive Score, and APOE ε4 Biomarkers for Classification of AD and MCI Using Extreme Learning Machine

Table 7

Comparison of classification of AD vs. HC and HC vs. MCI between the proposed method and existing state-of-the-art methods.

Author	Data	Classifier	Feature selection	AD vs. HC (%)	HC vs. MCI
Westman et al. [67]	MRI + CSF	OPLS	—	91.8	77.6%
Johnson et al. [68]	MRI + PET + CSF + cognitive scores	Stacked autoencoder	Sparse representation learning	95.9	85%
Hinrichs et al. [69]	MRI + PET + CSF + APOE + cognitive scores	MKL	—	92.4	n/a
Zhang and Shen et al. [39]	MRI + PET + CSF	SVM	Multitask feature selection	93.3	83.2%
Beheshti et al. [70]	sMRI	SVM	Feature ranking + genetic algorithm	93.01	—
Spasov et al. [71]	sMRI + cognitive measures + APOE + demographic	CNN	—	99.5	—
Maqsood et al. [72]	sMRI	CNN	—	92.85	—
Proposed method	MRI + CSF + APOE + MMSE	ELM	Filter (MRMR) + wrapper (SFS)	97.31	91.72%