Whale Optimization Algorithm for Multiconstraint Second-Order Stochastic Dominance Portfolio Optimization

Algorithm 1

The main procedure of WOA.

(1)	Initialize the whale’s population
(2)	Calculate the fitness of each search agent
(3)	= the best search agent
(4)	while t < maximum number of iterations do
(5)	return the out-of-bounds search agent to the boundary
(6)	for each search agent do
(7)	Update , , , , and
(8)	ifandthen
(9)	Update the position of the current search agent by using (21)
(10)	else ifandthen
(11)	Select a random search agent ()
(12)	Update the position of the current search agent by using (24)
(13)	else ifthen
(14)	Update the position of the current search by using (26)
(15)	end if
(16)	end for
(17)	Check if any search agent goes beyond the search space and amend it
(18)	Calculate the fitness of each search agent
(19)	Update if there is a better solution
(20)	t = t + 1
(21)	end while
(22)	return