Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm Based on Iterative Local Search

Table 1

Statistics on the number of individuals beyond the boundary.

Function	Step	Shekel
Dimension	30 dim	4 dim
Boundary
Number of times the original algorithm follower exceeded the boundary	1505	3739
Number of times the follower exceeded boundaries after improvement	0	0
Total number of times the original algorithm exceeded the boundary	1696	4381
Total number of times the improved algorithm exceeded the boundary	161	1095