A New Hybrid Forecasting Model Based on SW-LSTM and Wavelet Packet Decomposition: A Case Study of Oil Futures Prices

Table 6

Prediction performance evaluation of distinct prediction models for heating oil.

Model	MAE	RMSE	MAPE	SMAPE	TIC
WPD-SW-LSTM	0.0212	0.0642	0.4775	0.6298	0.0143
WPD-LSTM	0.0463	0.0945	1.8461	1.9538	0.0241
WPD-BPNN	0.0505	0.1271	2.0593	2.1686	0.0252
LSTM	0.0714	0.1529	3.1326	3.2484	0.0284
BPNN	0.0844	0.1980	5.2090	5.9175	0.0340
SVM	0.1056	0.2156	7.2594	8.4040	0.0465