Automatic Impervious Surface Area Detection Using Image Texture Analysis and Neural Computing Models with Advanced Optimizers

<div>Results of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test: (a) results of p values and (b) test outcomes. <i>Note.</i> The symbols ++, +, --, and – denote a significant win, a win, a significant loss, and a loss.</div>

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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Figure 11

Figure 11: Automatic Impervious Surface Area Detection Using Image Texture Analysis and Neural Computing Models with Advanced Optimizers 