Tuna Swarm Optimization: A Novel Swarm-Based Metaheuristic Algorithm for Global Optimization

Table 20

Comparisons of best solutions offered by reported optimizers for tension/compression spring design.

Algorithm	Optimal values for variables			Optimal cost
	GA3 [59]	0.051989	0.363965		10.890522	0.0126810
CPSO [53]	0.051728	0.357644	11.244543	0.0126747
CDE [60]	0.051609	0.354714	11.410831	0.0126702
DDSCA [50]	0.052669	0.380673	10.0153	0.012688
GSA [24]	0.050276	0.323680	13.525410	0.0127022
hHHO-SCA [55]	0.054693	0.433378	7.891402	0.0128229
AEO [61]	0.051897	0.361751	10.879842	0.0126662
MVO [57]	0.05251	0.3762	10.33513	0.012970
TSO	0.051642	0.355609	11.354247	0.0126652