Novel Crow Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Selection Approach for Optimal Deep Learning COVID-19 Diagnostic Model

Table 4

Multimodal benchmark functions.

Function	Equation	Type	Test name	D	Range	Opt
F16		N	Ackley	2	−10, 10	0
F17		N	Quartic	10	−1.28, 1.28	0+rand
F18	= (4–2.1 + ) + +(−4+4 )	N	Six-Hump Camel	2	−5, 5	−1.0316
F19	= a ( - + – r)^2 + s(1- t) cos() + s		Branin	2	−5, 15	0.3979
F20	= [1 + ( +  + 1)^2 (19 – 14  +  − 14  + 6  + )] ∗ [30 + ( + 3 )^2 (18 – 32  +  − 48  + 36  + )]	N	Goldstein Price	2	−2, 2	3
F21		F	Hartmann 3-D	3	1, 0	−3.8628
F22		F	Hartmann 6-D	6	1, 0	−3.3224
F23	+ 5		Ackley 3	2	−32, 32	−195.629
F24		N	Bohachevskyn N.2	2	−10, 10	0
F25	+   +	N	Brid	2	−2pi, 2pi	−106.7645
F26		N	Cross in Tiny	2	−10, 10	−2.06261
F27		F	Easom	2	−100, 100	−1
F28		N	Keane	2	0, 10	−0.6737
F29		N	Holder	2	−10, 10	−19.2085
F30	sin^2m	N	Michalewics	2	1.57, 2.21	−1.8013